hardware-wallets

name	hardware-wallets
description	Sign Ethereum transactions with Ledger and Trezor hardware wallets using Nethereum. Use this skill whenever the user asks about Ledger signing, Trezor signing, hardware wallet integration, HSM device signing, external signers, or hardware security modules for Ethereum in C#/.NET.
user-invocable	true

Hardware Wallets with Nethereum

Private key never leaves the device. Both use the ExternalAccount pattern.

Ledger

NuGet: Nethereum.Signer.Ledger

dotnet add package Nethereum.Signer.Ledger

using Nethereum.Ledger;
using Nethereum.Web3;
using Nethereum.Web3.Accounts;

var ledgerManagerFactory = new NethereumLedgerManagerBrokerFactory();
var signer = new LedgerExternalSigner(ledgerManagerFactory, accountIndex: 0);

var externalAccount = new ExternalAccount(signer, chainId: 1);
await externalAccount.InitialiseAsync();

var web3 = new Web3(externalAccount, "https://your-rpc-url");

// Send transaction (same API as regular Account)
var receipt = await web3.Eth.GetEtherTransferService()
    .TransferEtherAndWaitForReceiptAsync(toAddress, 0.1m);

Legacy Path (Electrum/Ledger)

var signer = new LedgerExternalSigner(ledgerManagerFactory, accountIndex: 0, legacyPath: true);
// Uses m/44'/60'/0'/x instead of m/44'/60'/0'/0/x

Trezor

NuGet: Nethereum.Signer.Trezor

dotnet add package Nethereum.Signer.Trezor

Requires a PIN prompt handler:

using Nethereum.Trezor;
using Nethereum.Web3;
using Nethereum.Web3.Accounts;

public class ConsolePinHandler : ITrezorPromptHandler
{
    public Task<string> PromptPin()
    {
        Console.Write("Enter PIN (numpad positions): ");
        return Task.FromResult(Console.ReadLine());
    }

    public Task<string> PromptPassphrase()
    {
        Console.Write("Enter passphrase (or empty): ");
        return Task.FromResult(Console.ReadLine());
    }
}

var pinHandler = new ConsolePinHandler();
var trezorManagerFactory = new NethereumTrezorManagerBrokerFactory();
var signer = new TrezorExternalSigner(trezorManagerFactory, pinHandler, accountIndex: 0);

var externalAccount = new ExternalAccount(signer, chainId: 1);
await externalAccount.InitialiseAsync();

var web3 = new Web3(externalAccount, "https://your-rpc-url");

Personal Message Signing (Trezor only)

var signature = await signer.SignAsync(
    System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello Ethereum!"));

Comparison

Feature	Ledger	Trezor
EIP-712 signing	No	Yes
Personal message signing	No	Yes
PIN entry	On device	Via handler
Passphrase (25th word)	On device	Via handler

For full documentation, see: https://docs.nethereum.com/docs/signing-and-key-management/guide-hardware-wallets