inventory-costing-and-stock-accounting

name	inventory-costing-and-stock-accounting
description	Use when designing, reviewing, or testing stock accounting, SKU and location policy, FIFO or weighted-average costing, stock counts, shrinkage, wastage, expiry, NRV write-downs, COGS postings, and inventory control-account tie-outs.
metadata	{"portable":true,"compatible_with":["claude-code","codex"]}

Inventory Costing and Stock Accounting

Use When

Use when inventory quantities, valuation, costing, stock counts, COGS, shrinkage, expiry, NRV, or inventory control accounts are in scope.

Do Not Use When

Do not use for fixed assets, payroll, or statutory rates except through the relevant companion skills.

Required Inputs

SKU master, stock movement, costing policy, location, source evidence, tax code where applicable, and close period state.

Workflow

Validate movement evidence, apply the approved costing method, post inventory and COGS through the posting service, and tie subledger to GL.

Quality Standards

Framework-compliant costing, source-evidenced movements, controlled variances, NRV review, and close-ready inventory control reconciliation.

Anti-Patterns

Unsupported LIFO, hidden shrinkage, direct GL stock edits, negative stock without policy, and missing control-account tie-outs.

Outputs

Inventory journals, cost-layer evidence, variance journals, NRV write-downs, and domain acceptance fixtures.

References

Load the required references and examples listed below before implementation or review.

Prerequisites

• Read doctrine/accounting-finance-doctrine.md.
• Read doctrine/references/ledger-invariants.md.
• Read doctrine/references/chart-of-accounts.md.
• Read ledger-posting-engine-core before approving inventory journals.
• Confirm entity inventory mode, costing method, SKU policy, locations, dimensions, tax treatment, and whether IFRS or IFRS for SMEs compliance is claimed.

Inputs

Artifact	Produced by	Required?	Validation
SKU master	Inventory owner	Required	SKU, unit of measure, category, costing method, stock account, COGS account, location policy present.
Stock movement event	POS, purchasing, warehouse	Required	Quantity, unit, location, source document, actor, and timestamp present.
Costing policy	Controller	Required	FIFO or weighted-average selected; unsupported methods blocked or caveated.
Stock count evidence	Warehouse, reviewer	Required for variances	Count sheet, counter, reviewer, variance reason, and approval present.
NRV assessment	Controller	Required at close when indicators exist	Sales price, completion costs, selling costs, and evidence captured.

Outputs

Artifact	Consumed by	Acceptance evidence
Inventory journal	GL, stock subledger	Posted through posting service and balanced.
Cost layer register	Stock valuation	FIFO layers or weighted-average calculation retained.
COGS posting	Profit or loss	Sale relieves stock and recognizes COGS consistently.
Variance journal	Close process	Approved count variance posted to shrinkage, wastage, or gain account.
NRV write-down	Reporting pack	Lower-of-cost-and-NRV evidence retained.

Decision Rules

1. Use FIFO or weighted-average unless another method is explicitly supported by the reporting framework and reviewer approval.
2. LIFO is rejected when IFRS or IFRS for SMEs compliance is claimed.
3. Perpetual inventory posts stock and COGS at movement time; periodic inventory posts through governed close adjustments.
4. Inventory control account must tie to SKU-location subledger at close.
5. Stock count variances require evidence, reason code, approval, and a posting-service journal.
6. Expiry, damage, shrinkage, and wastage use controlled variance accounts and remain visible in management reports.
7. NRV indicators trigger write-down review and handoff to impairment or inventory NRV evidence.
8. Tax on purchases or sales uses source-register-backed tax codes where final statutory values are involved.
9. Keep commercial identity separate from inventory identity: sales select active Products, while procurement, production, agriculture, ingredients, stock movements, and valuation select Stock Items.
10. Require an explicit tenant-scoped Product-to-Stock-Item mapping for every physical Product sale; bundled Products require explicit component mappings and quantities so COGS and inventory relief remain complete.
11. Do not use legacy Stock Item sales flags as a substitute for Product catalogue status, Product pricing, or bundle/component resolution.

Acceptance Evidence

• examples/fifo-costing-fixture.md proves FIFO layer relief and COGS.
• examples/weighted-average-fixture.md proves moving-average recalculation.
• examples/stock-count-variance-fixture.md proves approved variance posting.
• examples/nrv-write-down-fixture.md proves lower-of-cost-and-NRV treatment.
• examples/rejected-unsupported-costing-method.md proves LIFO or unsupported method rejection.
• references/domain-acceptance-tests.md is the minimum implementation test set.

Anti-Patterns

• Treating inventory as expense at purchase when stock accounting is required.
• Letting stock quantities go negative without an explicit controlled policy.
• Hiding shrinkage inside COGS without variance evidence.
• Changing costing method mid-period without reviewer approval and disclosure.
• Posting count adjustments directly to GL outside the posting service.
• Claiming IFRS or IFRS for SMEs compliance while using LIFO.

Required References

• references/inventory-posting-rules.md
• references/domain-acceptance-tests.md
• doctrine/references/ledger-invariants.md
• doctrine/references/chart-of-accounts.md
• ledger-posting-engine-core/references/posting-service-contract.md

Examples

• examples/fifo-costing-fixture.md
• examples/weighted-average-fixture.md
• examples/stock-count-variance-fixture.md
• examples/nrv-write-down-fixture.md
• examples/rejected-unsupported-costing-method.md

Review Metadata

Field	Value
Owner role	Inventory accounting specialist
Reviewer roles	Controller, warehouse owner, tooling reviewer
Last reviewed	2026-05-15
Next review due	2026-11-15
Release state	Draft until fixtures are executable in the validator
Caveat	Tax amounts in inventory examples are placeholders and require source-register entries before final output.

Last reviewed: 2026-05-15. Next review due: 2026-11-15.