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7 archivos name redis-transactions description Master Redis transactions - MULTI/EXEC, WATCH for optimistic locking, Lua scripting, and atomic operation patterns sasmp_version 1.3.0 bonded_agent 03-redis-operations bond_type PRIMARY_BOND version 2.1.0 last_updated 2025-01 parameters {"transaction_type":{"type":"string","required":true,"enum":["multi_exec","watch","lua_script"]},"watch_keys":{"type":"array","required":false,"items":{"type":"string"}},"lua_script":{"type":"string","required":false,"max_length":65535},"timeout_ms":{"type":"integer","required":false,"default":5000}} retry_config {"max_retries":5,"backoff_strategy":"exponential","backoff_base_ms":100,"retryable_errors":["EXECABORT","BUSY","connection_timeout"]} observability {"logging":{"level":"info","log_watch_failures":true},"metrics":["transaction_duration_ms","watch_abort_rate","lua_execution_time_ms"]} validation {"lua_scripts":{"require_keys_param":true,"max_execution_time_ms":5000},"transactions":{"max_commands":1000,"max_watch_keys":100}}
Redis Transactions Skill
Overview
Production-grade transaction handling for Redis. Master MULTI/EXEC for atomic command batches, WATCH for optimistic locking, and Lua scripting for complex atomic operations.
Transaction Types Comparison
Feature MULTI/EXEC WATCH+MULTI Lua Script Atomicity ✅ ✅ ✅ Isolation Partial Partial ✅ Full Conditional logic ❌ ❌ ✅ Read-modify-write ❌ ✅ ✅ Cluster support ⚠️ Same slot ⚠️ Same slot ⚠️ Same slot Debugging Easy Medium Harder
MULTI/EXEC Transactions
Basic Transaction
MULTI # Start transaction
SET user:123:balance 100
INCR user:123:login_count
LPUSH user:123:actions "login"
EXEC # Execute atomically
# Returns: [OK, 1, 1]
Discard Transaction
MULTI
SET key1 "value1"
SET key2 "value2"
DISCARD # Abort, nothing executed
Transaction Guarantees
✅ Atomic execution : All commands execute without interruption
✅ All or nothing : If EXEC fails, nothing is applied
❌ No rollback : Individual command failures don't rollback others
❌ No read-modify-write : Can't use previous values in transaction
WATCH (Optimistic Locking)
Pattern: Check-and-Set
WATCH user:123:balance # Start watching
balance = GET user:123:balance # Read current value
# Client-side logic
if balance >= 50:
MULTI
DECRBY user:123:balance 50
INCRBY merchant:456:balance 50
EXEC # nil if balance changed
else:
UNWATCH # Release watch
Multiple Keys
WATCH key1 key2 key3 # Watch multiple keys
# ... read values ...
MULTI
# ... modify values ...
EXEC # nil if ANY watched key changed
UNWATCH # Always call after failed EXEC
Watch Retry Pattern (Python) MAX_RETRIES = 5
for attempt in range (MAX_RETRIES):
try :
pipe = r.pipeline(True )
pipe.watch('user:123:balance' )
balance = int (pipe.get('user:123:balance' ) or 0 )
if balance < 50 :
pipe.unwatch()
raise InsufficientFunds()
pipe.multi()
pipe.decrby('user:123:balance' , 50 )
pipe.incrby('merchant:456:balance' , 50 )
pipe.execute()
break
except redis.WatchError:
continue
finally :
pipe.reset()
Lua Scripting
Basic Script
local current = tonumber (redis.call('GET' , KEYS[1 ]) or 0 )
local max = tonumber (ARGV[1 ])
if current < max then
return redis.call('INCR' , KEYS[1 ])
else
return current
end
Execute Script EVAL "return redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])" 1 mykey
# Load and execute by hash (faster for repeated calls)
SCRIPT LOAD "return redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])"
# Returns: "a42059b356c875f0717db19a51f6aaa9161e77a2"
EVALSHA a42059b356c875f0717db19a51f6aaa9161e77a2 1 mykey
Script Management SCRIPT EXISTS <sha1> [sha1 ...] # Check if loaded
SCRIPT FLUSH [ASYNC|SYNC] # Clear cache
SCRIPT KILL # Kill running (if no writes)
SCRIPT DEBUG YES|SYNC|NO # Enable debugging
Production Patterns
Pattern 1: Fund Transfer
local from = KEYS[1 ]
local to = KEYS[2 ]
local amount = tonumber (ARGV[1 ])
local from_balance = tonumber (redis.call('GET' , from) or 0 )
if from_balance >= amount then
redis.call('DECRBY' , from, amount)
redis.call('INCRBY' , to, amount)
return 1
else
return 0
end
Pattern 2: Distributed Lock
local lock_key = KEYS[1 ]
local holder = ARGV[1 ]
local ttl = tonumber (ARGV[2 ])
if redis.call('SET' , lock_key, holder, 'NX' , 'EX' , ttl) then
return 1
else
return 0
end
local lock_key = KEYS[1 ]
local holder = ARGV[1 ]
if redis.call('GET' , lock_key) == holder then
return redis.call('DEL' , lock_key)
else
return 0
end
Pattern 3: Rate Limiter
local key = KEYS[1 ]
local limit = tonumber (ARGV[1 ])
local window = tonumber (ARGV[2 ])
local current = tonumber (redis.call('GET' , key) or 0 )
if current < limit then
redis.call('INCR' , key)
if current == 0 then
redis.call('EXPIRE' , key, window)
end
return 1
else
return 0
end
Lua Best Practices
local value = redis.call('GET' , KEYS[1 ])
redis.call('SET' , KEYS[2 ], ARGV[1 ])
local key = 'user:' .. ARGV[1 ]
redis.call('GET' , key)
if not redis.call('EXISTS' , KEYS[1 ]) then
return nil
end
local ok, result = pcall (redis.call, 'GET' , KEYS[1 ])
if not ok then
return redis.error_reply("Operation failed" )
end
Assets
distributed-lock.lua - Production-ready lock implementationconfig.yaml - Transaction configuration
Scripts
lua-loader.sh - Load and manage Lua scriptshelper.py - Python transaction utilities
References
TRANSACTION_PATTERNS.md - Best practices guideGUIDE.md - Complete reference
Troubleshooting Guide
Common Issues & Solutions
1. EXECABORT EXECABORT Transaction discarded because of previous errors
Cause: Syntax error in queued command
MULTI
SET key # Missing value!
EXEC
# (error) EXECABORT...
Fix: Validate commands before queueing
2. Watch Keeps Failing Cause: High contention on watched key
Reduce transaction time
Use Lua script instead
Implement exponential backoff
Consider different data model
3. BUSY Script Error BUSY Redis is busy running a script
Cause: Lua script running too long (>lua-time-limit)
# Kill script (only if no writes performed)
SCRIPT KILL
# If script performed writes
# Must restart Redis or wait
# redis.conf
lua-time-limit 5000 # 5 seconds
4. NOSCRIPT Error NOSCRIPT No matching script
Cause: Script not loaded (cache cleared or different node)
try :
result = r.evalsha(sha, 1 , key)
except redis.NoScriptError:
result = r.eval (script, 1 , key)
Debug Checklist □ All keys in same hash slot (cluster)?
□ WATCH before read operations?
□ UNWATCH after failed EXEC?
□ Lua script uses KEYS/ARGV properly?
□ Script execution time reasonable?
□ Handling NOSCRIPT error?
□ Retry logic for WatchError?
Transaction Performance Operation Time Notes MULTI O(1) Start transaction Queue command O(1) Add to queue EXEC O(N) Execute N commands WATCH O(1) Per key EVAL O(N) Script complexity EVALSHA O(N) Same as EVAL (no load overhead)
Error Codes Reference Code Name Description Recovery T001 EXECABORT Syntax error in queue Fix command syntax T002 WATCH_FAILED Key modified Retry transaction T003 BUSY Script timeout SCRIPT KILL or wait T004 NOSCRIPT Script not loaded Re-EVAL or LOAD T005 CROSSSLOT Keys in different slots Use hash tags
Test Template
import redis
import pytest
@pytest.fixture
def r ():
return redis.Redis(decode_responses=True )
def test_multi_exec (r ):
pipe = r.pipeline()
pipe.set ("tx:key1" , "value1" )
pipe.set ("tx:key2" , "value2" )
results = pipe.execute()
assert results == [True , True ]
r.delete("tx:key1" , "tx:key2" )
def test_watch_success (r ):
r.set ("tx:balance" , "100" )
pipe = r.pipeline(True )
pipe.watch("tx:balance" )
balance = int (pipe.get("tx:balance" ))
pipe.multi()
pipe.set ("tx:balance" , balance - 50 )
results = pipe.execute()
assert results == [True ]
assert r.get("tx:balance" ) == "50"
r.delete("tx:balance" )
def test_lua_script (r ):
script = "return redis.call('GET', KEYS[1])"
r.set ("tx:lua" , "test_value" )
result = r.eval (script, 1 , "tx:lua" )
assert result == "test_value"
r.delete("tx:lua" )
