investigate-incident

# Investigate Incident Skill This skill helps you investigate incidents, perform root cause analysis (RCA), and create comprehensive incident documentation. ## When to Use - After alerts fire (check runbooks first) - When tests fail unexpectedly - User reports service unavailable - Pods in CrashLoopBackOff or ImagePullBackOff - Services showing degraded performance - After deployment issues ## What This Skill Does 1. **Follow Runbooks**: Execute alert-specific investigation steps 2. **Gather Evidence**: Collect logs, metrics, events, pod status 3. **Root Cause Analysis**: Identify underlying issues 4. **Document Incidents**: Create structured RCA in TODO_INCIDENTS.md 5. **Track Fixes**: Plan and validate remediation ## Investigation Workflow ### 1. Check If Alert Has Runbook ```bash # List all available runbooks ls -1 docs/runbooks/alerts/*.md # For specific alert, check annotation kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s 'http://localhost:3000/api/v1/provisioning/alert-rules' \ -u admin:admin123 | python3 -c " import sys, json rules = json.load(sys.stdin) alert_uid = 'prometheus-down' # Change this rule = next((r for r in rules if r.get('uid') == alert_uid), None) if rule: print('Runbook URL:', rule['annotations'].get('runbook_url', 'N/A')) " ``` ### 2. Follow Runbook Steps **Runbooks are located at**: `docs/runbooks/alerts/<alert-uid>.md` **Standard runbook sections**: 1. **Meaning** - What this alert indicates 2. **Impact** - Business/platform impact 3. **Diagnosis** - Investigation commands 4. **Mitigation** - How to fix **Example: Follow Prometheus Down runbook**: ```bash # From docs/runbooks/alerts/prometheus-down.md # 1. Check pod status kubectl get pods -n observability -l app=prometheus # 2. Check pod logs kubectl logs -n observability deployment/prometheus --tail=100 # 3. Check events kubectl get events -n observability --field-selector involvedObject.name=prometheus --sort-by='.lastTimestamp' # 4. Test Prometheus endpoint kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s http://prometheus.observability.svc:9090/-/ready ``` ### 3. Gather Comprehensive Evidence **Pod Status & Events**: ```bash # Get pod status in namespace kubectl get pods -n <namespace> # Detailed pod description kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> # Recent events sorted by time kubectl get events -n <namespace> --sort-by='.lastTimestamp' | tail -20 # All failing pods across platform kubectl get pods -A | grep -E "Error|CrashLoop|ImagePull|Pending" ``` **Logs**: ```bash # Current container logs kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod-name> --tail=100 # Previous container (if crashed) kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod-name> --previous # Specific container in pod kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod-name> -c <container-name> # All containers in pod kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod-name> --all-containers=true # Query Loki for errors (last 5 minutes) kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s -G 'http://loki.observability.svc:3100/loki/api/v1/query_range' \ --data-urlencode 'query={kubernetes_namespace_name="<namespace>"} |= "error"' \ --data-urlencode 'limit=100' \ --data-urlencode "start=$(date -u -v-5M +%s)000000000" \ --data-urlencode "end=$(date -u +%s)000000000" | python3 -m json.tool ``` **Metrics**: ```bash # Check if service is up kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s -G 'http://prometheus.observability.svc:9090/api/v1/query' \ --data-urlencode 'query=up{job="<job-name>"}' | python3 -m json.tool # Check replica availability kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s -G 'http://prometheus.observability.svc:9090/api/v1/query' \ --data-urlencode 'query=kube_deployment_status_replicas_available{deployment="<name>"}' \ | python3 -m json.tool # Check pod restarts kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s -G 'http://prometheus.observability.svc:9090/api/v1/query' \ --data-urlencode 'query=kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{pod=~"<pod-pattern>"}' \ | python3 -m json.tool ``` **ArgoCD Application Status**: ```bash # Check application health argocd app get <app-name> --port-forward --port-forward-namespace argocd --grpc-web # Check sync status argocd app list --port-forward --port-forward-namespace argocd --grpc-web | grep -E "Degraded|OutOfSync" # View recent sync history argocd app history <app-name> --port-forward --port-forward-namespace argocd --grpc-web ``` ### 4. Identify Root Cause **Common Root Causes**: 1. **Configuration Error** - Check recent Git commits: `git log --oneline -10` - Check ArgoCD diff: `argocd app diff <app-name> --port-forward ...` - Validate YAML: `kustomize build components/...` 2. **Image Issues** - Check image availability: `docker exec kagenti-demo-control-plane crictl images | grep <image>` - Check ImagePullBackOff: `kubectl describe pod <pod-name> | grep -A10 "Events"` 3. **Resource Constraints** - Check pod resources: `kubectl top pods -n <namespace>` - Check node resources: `kubectl top nodes` - Check OOM kills: `kubectl get events -A | grep OOM` 4. **Dependency Failure** - Check if dependent service is healthy - Check service endpoints: `kubectl get endpoints -n <namespace>` - Test connectivity: `kubectl run debug-curl -n <namespace> --image=curlimages/curl --rm -it -- curl http://service-name` 5. **mTLS/Network Issues** - Check Istio sidecar: `kubectl get pods -n <namespace>` (should show 2/2) - Check PeerAuthentication: `kubectl get peerauthentication -A` - Check sidecar logs: `kubectl logs -n <namespace> <pod-name> -c istio-proxy` 6. **Certificate Issues** - Check certificate status: `kubectl get certificate -A` - Check cert-manager logs: `kubectl logs -n cert-manager deployment/cert-manager` ### 5. Create Incident Documentation **Create entry in TODO_INCIDENTS.md**: ```markdown ## Incident #X: [Alert Name] - [Brief Description] **Status**: 🔴 Active / 🟡 Investigating / 🟢 Resolved **Detected**: 2025-11-17 08:31:40 UTC **Severity**: Critical / Warning / Info **Components Affected**: - Component 1 - Component 2 ### Summary Brief description of what happened. ### Investigation **Timeline**: - 08:31 - Alert fired - 08:35 - Checked pod status, found CrashLoopBackOff - 08:40 - Reviewed logs, identified error message - 08:45 - Identified root cause **Evidence Collected**: 1. **Pod Status**: ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS component-xxx 0/2 CrashLoopBackOff 5 ``` 2. **Error Logs**: ``` ERROR: Failed to connect to database: connection refused ``` 3. **Events**: ``` Back-off restarting failed container ``` ### Root Cause Analysis **Root Cause**: [Specific technical reason] **Why it happened**: - Contributing factor 1 - Contributing factor 2 **Why alert fired**: - PromQL query: `query_here` - Query returned: `value` - Threshold: `> threshold` ### Resolution **Fix Applied**: ```bash # Commands to fix the issue kubectl apply -f ... ``` **Verification**: ```bash # Commands to verify fix kubectl get pods -n <namespace> # Output showing healthy state ``` **Time to Resolution**: XX minutes ### Lessons Learned 1. **What went well**: Early detection via alerting 2. **What could improve**: Need better validation before deploy 3. **Action items**: - [ ] Add pre-deployment validation - [ ] Update runbook with this scenario - [ ] Add integration test for this case ### Related - Alert: `alert-uid` - Runbook: docs/runbooks/alerts/alert-uid.md - Git commits: abc1234, def5678 ``` ### 6. Validate Fix **After applying fix**: ```bash # 1. Verify pods are healthy kubectl get pods -n <namespace> # 2. Check alert stopped firing kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s 'http://localhost:3000/api/alertmanager/grafana/api/v2/alerts' \ -u admin:admin123 | python3 -c " import sys, json alerts = json.load(sys.stdin) firing = [a for a in alerts if a.get('status', {}).get('state') == 'active'] for a in firing: print(f\"{a['labels']['alertname']}: {a['labels']['severity']}\") " # 3. Run integration tests pytest tests/integration/test_<component>.py -v # 4. Check platform status ./scripts/platform-status.sh # 5. Verify in Grafana UI open https://grafana.localtest.me:9443/alerting/list ``` ## Common Investigation Patterns ### Pattern 1: Pod Won't Start ```bash # Investigation flow kubectl get pods -n <namespace> # Get pod status kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> # Check events kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace> # Check logs (if available) # Common causes: # - ImagePullBackOff: Image not found or not loaded # - CrashLoopBackOff: Application exits on startup # - Pending: Resource constraints or scheduling issues # - Init:Error: Init container failed ``` ### Pattern 2: Service Unavailable ```bash # Investigation flow kubectl get pods -n <namespace> -l app=<service> # Check pods kubectl get svc -n <namespace> <service-name> # Check service kubectl get endpoints -n <namespace> <service-name> # Check endpoints kubectl get httproute -n <namespace> # Check routes (if using Gateway API) # Test connectivity kubectl run debug-curl -n <namespace> --image=curlimages/curl --rm -it \ -- curl -v http://<service-name>.<namespace>.svc:PORT ``` ### Pattern 3: High Resource Usage ```bash # Investigation flow kubectl top pods -n <namespace> --sort-by=memory # Memory usage kubectl top pods -n <namespace> --sort-by=cpu # CPU usage # Check limits kubectl get pods -n <namespace> -o jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{"\t"}{.spec.containers[*].resources}{"\n"}{end}' # Check for OOM kills kubectl get events -n <namespace> | grep OOM ``` ### Pattern 4: Frequent Restarts ```bash # Investigation flow kubectl get pods -n <namespace> # Check RESTARTS column kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace> # Check restart reason kubectl logs <pod-name> -n <namespace> --previous # Logs before crash # Check restart metrics kubectl exec -n observability deployment/grafana -- \ curl -s -G 'http://prometheus.observability.svc:9090/api/v1/query' \ --data-urlencode 'query=increase(kube_pod_container_status_restarts_total{pod="<pod-name>"}[1h])' ``` ### Pattern 5: ArgoCD App OutOfSync ```bash # Investigation flow argocd app get <app-name> --port-forward ... # Get status argocd app diff <app-name> --port-forward ... # See differences # Check last sync argocd app history <app-name> --port-forward ... # Force sync if needed argocd app sync <app-name> --force --prune --port-forward ... ``` ## Integration with Other Skills **Use check-alerts skill** to find which alerts are firing: ```bash # This automatically invokes check-alerts skill "What alerts are currently firing?" ``` **Use check-logs skill** to query specific error patterns: ```bash # This automatically invokes check-logs skill "Show me error logs from keycloak namespace in the last 10 minutes" ``` **Use check-metrics skill** to verify service health: ```bash # This automatically invokes check-metrics skill "What's the CPU usage of pods in observability namespace?" ``` ## Incident Priority Guidelines **Critical (P0)**: - Platform-wide outage - All users affected - Data loss risk - Security breach **High (P1)**: - Major feature unavailable - Multiple users affected - Performance severely degraded **Medium (P2)**: - Minor feature unavailable - Some users affected - Workaround available