resiliency

name	resiliency
description	Resiliency features in Megatron Bridge including fault tolerance, straggler detection, in-process restart, preemption, and re-run state machine.
when_to_use	Enabling resiliency features, or investigating a commit that caused training hangs, straggler detection failures, or broken restarts; 'fault tolerance', 'straggler detection', 'hang detection', 'automatic restart', 'in-process restart', 'preemption', 'nvidia-resiliency-ext'.

Resiliency

Stable docs: @docs/training/resiliency.md, @docs/training/checkpointing.md Card: @skills/resiliency/card.yaml

Enablement

Fault tolerance (Slurm only)

Option 1: NeMo Run plugin (recommended)

from megatron.bridge.recipes.run_plugins import FaultTolerancePlugin
import nemo_run as run

task = run.Script(...)
run_plugins = [
    FaultTolerancePlugin(
        enable_ft_package=True,
        calc_ft_timeouts=True,
        num_in_job_restarts=3,
        num_job_retries_on_failure=2,
        initial_rank_heartbeat_timeout=1800,
        rank_heartbeat_timeout=300,
    )
]
run.run(task, plugins=run_plugins, executor=executor)

Plugin parameter	Default	Description
num_in_job_restarts	3	Max restarts within same job
num_job_retries_on_failure	2	Max new job launches on failure
initial_rank_heartbeat_timeout	1800	First heartbeat timeout (seconds)
rank_heartbeat_timeout	300	Subsequent heartbeat timeout (seconds)

Option 2: Direct config + ft_launcher

from megatron.bridge.training.config import FaultToleranceConfig

cfg.ft = FaultToleranceConfig(
    enable_ft_package=True,
    calc_ft_timeouts=True,
    simulate_fault=False,
    simulated_fault_type="random",
)

Launch with ft_launcher (not torchrun):

export GROUP_RANK=0  # required for non-Slurm
ft_launcher \
    --rdzv_backend=c10d --rdzv_endpoint=${MASTER_ADDR}:${MASTER_PORT} \
    --nnodes=${NUM_NODES} --nproc-per-node=${NUM_GPUS_PER_NODE} \
    --ft-rank_section_timeouts=setup:600,step:180,checkpointing:420 \
    --ft-rank_out_of_section_timeout=300 \
    your_training_script.py

Config parameter	Default	Description
enable_ft_package	False	Enable fault tolerance
calc_ft_timeouts	False	Auto-compute optimal timeouts
simulate_fault	False	Enable fault simulation for testing
simulated_fault_type	"random"	"rank_hung", "rank_killed", or "random"
simulated_fault_rank	None	Specific rank to fault (random if None)
simulated_fault_base_delay	0	Base delay before simulating fault

Section-based timeout monitoring covers setup, training steps, checkpointing, and out-of-section time independently. Timeouts are saved to ft_state.json for subsequent runs when calc_ft_timeouts=True.

NVRx straggler detection

from megatron.bridge.training.config import NVRxStragglerDetectionConfig

cfg.nvrx_straggler = NVRxStragglerDetectionConfig(
    enabled=True,
    report_time_interval=300.0,
    calc_relative_gpu_perf=True,
    calc_individual_gpu_perf=True,
    num_gpu_perf_scores_to_print=5,
    gpu_relative_perf_threshold=0.7,
    gpu_individual_perf_threshold=0.7,
    stop_if_detected=False,
    enable_logging=True,
)

Parameter	Default	Description
enabled	False	Enable straggler detection
report_time_interval	300.0	Seconds between straggler checks
calc_relative_gpu_perf	True	Compare ranks against each other
calc_individual_gpu_perf	True	Track per-rank degradation over time
gpu_relative_perf_threshold	0.7	Threshold for relative performance (0-1)
gpu_individual_perf_threshold	0.7	Threshold for individual performance (0-1)
stop_if_detected	False	Terminate training on straggler
num_gpu_perf_scores_to_print	5	Number of best/worst scores to print
profiling_interval	1	Profiling interval for detector

Preemption

Plugin (Slurm)

from megatron.bridge.recipes.run_plugins import PreemptionPlugin

plugins = [
    PreemptionPlugin(
        preempt_time=60,
        enable_exit_handler=True,
        enable_exit_handler_for_data_loader=False,
    )
]

Plugin parameter	Default	Description
preempt_time	60	Seconds before job limit to send signal
enable_exit_handler	True	Enable signal handler in training
enable_exit_handler_for_data_loader	False	Enable for dataloader workers

Direct config

import signal
cfg.train.exit_signal_handler = True
cfg.train.exit_signal = signal.SIGTERM
cfg.train.exit_signal_handler_for_dataloader = False

Re-run state machine (experimental)

from megatron.bridge.training.config import RerunStateMachineConfig

cfg.rerun_state_machine = RerunStateMachineConfig(
    rerun_mode="validate_results",
    check_for_nan_in_loss=True,
    check_for_spiky_loss=False,
    spiky_loss_factor=10.0,
)

Parameter	Default	Description
rerun_mode	"disabled"	"disabled", "validate_results", "report_determinism_stats"
check_for_nan_in_loss	True	Check for NaN in loss
check_for_spiky_loss	False	Check for unexpectedly large loss
spiky_loss_factor	10.0	Loss flagged if > factor * max observed (increase for large models)

Exit codes: 16 = resume to disambiguate, 17 = failed validation.

In-process restart (experimental)

from megatron.bridge.training.config import InProcessRestartConfig

cfg.inprocess_restart = InProcessRestartConfig(
    enabled=True,
    granularity="node",
    soft_timeout=60.0,
    hard_timeout=90.0,
)

Parameter	Default	Description
enabled	False	Enable in-process restart
active_world_size	None	Ranks executing workload (rest are warm reserves)
granularity	"node"	"node" or "rank" restart granularity
max_iterations	None	Max restart attempts (None = unlimited)
soft_timeout	60.0	Detect GIL-released hangs (seconds)
hard_timeout	90.0	Force-terminate hung ranks (seconds)
heartbeat_interval	30.0	Heartbeat interval (seconds)
heartbeat_timeout	60.0	Missing heartbeat timeout (seconds)
barrier_timeout	120.0	Distributed barrier timeout (seconds)
completion_timeout	120.0	Completion barrier timeout (seconds)
empty_cuda_cache	True	Clear CUDA cache during restart
max_rank_faults	None	Max rank faults before terminating
monitor_process_logdir	None	Directory for monitor logs

Required environment variables:

export TORCH_CPP_LOG_LEVEL=error
export TORCH_NCCL_RETHROW_CUDA_ERRORS=0
export NCCL_NVLS_ENABLE=0

The PyTorch NCCL watchdog timeout must exceed hard_timeout. NeMo-Run's Slurm Executor is not supported; launch directly with srun --kill-on-bad-exit=0.

Async checkpoint save

cfg.checkpoint.async_save = True
cfg.checkpoint.ckpt_format = "torch_dist"

Local checkpointing (NVRx)

cfg.checkpoint.non_persistent_local_ckpt_dir = "/local/scratch/ckpt"
cfg.checkpoint.non_persistent_local_ckpt_algo = "fully_parallel"

Code Anchors

Fault tolerance

• Config: src/megatron/bridge/training/config.py — FaultToleranceConfig
• Runtime: src/megatron/bridge/training/fault_tolerance.py
• Plugin: src/megatron/bridge/recipes/run_plugins.py — FaultTolerancePlugin
• Perf plugin: scripts/performance/resiliency_plugins.py
• Tests: tests/unit_tests/training/test_fault_tolerance.py
• Example: examples/training_features/resiliency/fault_tolerance/

Straggler detection

• Config: src/megatron/bridge/training/config.py — NVRxStragglerDetectionConfig
• Runtime: src/megatron/bridge/training/nvrx_straggler.py
• Train loop: src/megatron/bridge/training/train.py — check_nvrx_straggler_detection
• Tests: tests/unit_tests/training/test_nvrx_straggler.py, tests/functional_tests/training/test_nvrx_straggler.py
• Example: examples/training_features/resiliency/straggler_detection/

In-process restart

• Config: src/megatron/bridge/training/config.py — InProcessRestartConfig
• Runtime: src/megatron/bridge/training/inprocess_restart.py
• Entry point: src/megatron/bridge/training/pretrain.py — maybe_wrap_for_inprocess_restart
• Tests: tests/unit_tests/training/test_inprocess_restart.py, tests/functional_tests/training/test_inprocess_restart.py

Preemption

• Plugin: src/megatron/bridge/recipes/run_plugins.py — PreemptionPlugin
• Signal handler: src/megatron/bridge/training/utils/sig_utils.py
• Tests: tests/unit_tests/recipes/test_run_plugins.py

Re-run state machine

• Config: src/megatron/bridge/training/config.py — RerunStateMachineConfig
• Init: src/megatron/bridge/training/initialize.py — init_rerun_state

Checkpointing

• Async save: src/megatron/bridge/training/checkpointing.py — schedule_async_save
• Local ckpt: src/megatron/bridge/training/checkpointing.py — LocalCheckpointManager
• Tests: tests/functional_tests/training/test_local_checkpointing.py

Pitfalls

1. ft_launcher, not torchrun: Direct FaultToleranceConfig requires ft_launcher. Using torchrun silently disables FT. For non-Slurm, set GROUP_RANK=0.

2. Async save requires torch_dist: async_save=True only works with ckpt_format="torch_dist". Other formats silently fail or error.

3. IPR + NeMo-Run: In-process restart is not compatible with NeMo-Run or Slurm preemption plugins. Requires specific PyTorch/NCCL versions and env vars.

4. NVRx vs legacy straggler: Two detectors exist. Use NVRx (nvrx_straggler); do not enable both.

5. stop_if_detected default: NVRx logs but does not stop training by default. Set stop_if_detected=True for automatic termination.

6. NCCL watchdog vs hard_timeout: For IPR, NCCL watchdog timeout must exceed hard_timeout or PyTorch kills the process before recovery.

7. Rerun state machine is alpha: Use check_for_nan_in_loss=True for NaN detection, but don't rely on full rerun workflows yet.

Verification

Fault tolerance

./examples/training_features/resiliency/fault_tolerance/run_fault_tolerance.sh
./examples/training_features/resiliency/fault_tolerance/run_fault_tolerance.sh --simulate-fault

Look for [FaultTolerance] / [RankMonitorServer] log lines with section timeouts. Simulated fault should trigger restart from checkpoint.

Straggler detection

uv run python -m torch.distributed.run --nproc_per_node=2 \
    examples/training_features/resiliency/straggler_detection/straggler_detection_example.py

Look for GPU relative performance and GPU individual performance reports with per-rank scores.

Async checkpoint

Look for Scheduling async checkpoint save in logs. Training iterations should continue while checkpoint files are being written.

In-process restart

pytest tests/functional_tests/training/test_inprocess_restart.py -v

Requires compatible PyTorch/NCCL versions.