azure-storage-blob-py

name	azure-storage-blob-py
description	Azure Blob Storage SDK for Python. Use for uploading, downloading, listing blobs, managing containers, and blob lifecycle. Triggers on blob storage, BlobServiceClient, ContainerClient, BlobClient, upload blob, download blob.
package	azure-storage-blob

Azure Blob Storage SDK for Python

Client library for Azure Blob Storage — object storage for unstructured data.

Installation

pip install azure-storage-blob azure-identity

Environment Variables

AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME=<your-storage-account>
# Or use full URL
AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_URL=https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net

Authentication

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob import BlobServiceClient

credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
account_url = "https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net"

blob_service_client = BlobServiceClient(account_url, credential=credential)

Client Hierarchy

Client	Purpose	Get From
BlobServiceClient	Account-level operations	Direct instantiation
ContainerClient	Container operations	blob_service_client.get_container_client()
BlobClient	Single blob operations	container_client.get_blob_client()

Core Workflow

Create Container

container_client = blob_service_client.get_container_client("mycontainer")
container_client.create_container()

Upload Blob

# From file path
blob_client = blob_service_client.get_blob_client(
    container="mycontainer",
    blob="sample.txt"
)

with open("./local-file.txt", "rb") as data:
    blob_client.upload_blob(data, overwrite=True)

# From bytes/string
blob_client.upload_blob(b"Hello, World!", overwrite=True)

# From stream
import io
stream = io.BytesIO(b"Stream content")
blob_client.upload_blob(stream, overwrite=True)

Download Blob

blob_client = blob_service_client.get_blob_client(
    container="mycontainer",
    blob="sample.txt"
)

# To file
with open("./downloaded.txt", "wb") as file:
    download_stream = blob_client.download_blob()
    file.write(download_stream.readall())

# To memory
download_stream = blob_client.download_blob()
content = download_stream.readall()  # bytes

# Read into existing buffer
stream = io.BytesIO()
num_bytes = blob_client.download_blob().readinto(stream)

List Blobs

container_client = blob_service_client.get_container_client("mycontainer")

# List all blobs
for blob in container_client.list_blobs():
    print(f"{blob.name} - {blob.size} bytes")

# List with prefix (folder-like)
for blob in container_client.list_blobs(name_starts_with="logs/"):
    print(blob.name)

# Walk blob hierarchy (virtual directories)
for item in container_client.walk_blobs(delimiter="/"):
    if item.get("prefix"):
        print(f"Directory: {item['prefix']}")
    else:
        print(f"Blob: {item.name}")

Delete Blob

blob_client.delete_blob()

# Delete with snapshots
blob_client.delete_blob(delete_snapshots="include")

Performance Tuning

# Configure chunk sizes for large uploads/downloads
blob_client = BlobClient(
    account_url=account_url,
    container_name="mycontainer",
    blob_name="large-file.zip",
    credential=credential,
    max_block_size=4 * 1024 * 1024,  # 4 MiB blocks
    max_single_put_size=64 * 1024 * 1024  # 64 MiB single upload limit
)

# Parallel upload
blob_client.upload_blob(data, max_concurrency=4)

# Parallel download
download_stream = blob_client.download_blob(max_concurrency=4)

SAS Tokens

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from azure.storage.blob import generate_blob_sas, BlobSasPermissions

sas_token = generate_blob_sas(
    account_name="<account>",
    container_name="mycontainer",
    blob_name="sample.txt",
    account_key="<account-key>",  # Or use user delegation key
    permission=BlobSasPermissions(read=True),
    expiry=datetime.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(hours=1)
)

# Use SAS token
blob_url = f"https://<account>.blob.core.windows.net/mycontainer/sample.txt?{sas_token}"

Blob Properties and Metadata

# Get properties
properties = blob_client.get_blob_properties()
print(f"Size: {properties.size}")
print(f"Content-Type: {properties.content_settings.content_type}")
print(f"Last modified: {properties.last_modified}")

# Set metadata
blob_client.set_blob_metadata(metadata={"category": "logs", "year": "2024"})

# Set content type
from azure.storage.blob import ContentSettings
blob_client.set_http_headers(
    content_settings=ContentSettings(content_type="application/json")
)

Async Client

from azure.identity.aio import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.storage.blob.aio import BlobServiceClient

async def upload_async():
    credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
    
    async with BlobServiceClient(account_url, credential=credential) as client:
        blob_client = client.get_blob_client("mycontainer", "sample.txt")
        
        with open("./file.txt", "rb") as data:
            await blob_client.upload_blob(data, overwrite=True)

# Download async
async def download_async():
    async with BlobServiceClient(account_url, credential=credential) as client:
        blob_client = client.get_blob_client("mycontainer", "sample.txt")
        
        stream = await blob_client.download_blob()
        data = await stream.readall()

Best Practices

1. Use DefaultAzureCredential instead of connection strings
2. Use context managers for async clients
3. Set overwrite=True explicitly when re-uploading
4. Use max_concurrency for large file transfers
5. Prefer readinto() over readall() for memory efficiency
6. Use walk_blobs() for hierarchical listing
7. Set appropriate content types for web-served blobs