powershell-windows

# PowerShell Windows Patterns > Critical patterns and pitfalls for Windows PowerShell. --- ## 1. Operator Syntax Rules ### CRITICAL: Parentheses Required | ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |----------|-----------| | `if (Test-Path "a" -or Test-Path "b")` | `if ((Test-Path "a") -or (Test-Path "b"))` | | `if (Get-Item $x -and $y -eq 5)` | `if ((Get-Item $x) -and ($y -eq 5))` | **Rule:** Each cmdlet call MUST be in parentheses when using logical operators. --- ## 2. Unicode/Emoji Restriction ### CRITICAL: No Unicode in Scripts | Purpose | ❌ Don't Use | ✅ Use | |---------|-------------|--------| | Success | ✅ ✓ | [OK] [+] | | Error | ❌ ✗ 🔴 | [!] [X] | | Warning | ⚠️ 🟡 | [*] [WARN] | | Info | ℹ️ 🔵 | [i] [INFO] | | Progress | ⏳ | [...] | **Rule:** Use ASCII characters only in PowerShell scripts. --- ## 3. Null Check Patterns ### Always Check Before Access | ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |----------|-----------| | `$array.Count -gt 0` | `$array -and $array.Count -gt 0` | | `$text.Length` | `if ($text) { $text.Length }` | --- ## 4. String Interpolation ### Complex Expressions | ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |----------|-----------| | `"Value: $($obj.prop.sub)"` | Store in variable first | **Pattern:** ``` $value = $obj.prop.sub Write-Output "Value: $value" ``` --- ## 5. Error Handling ### ErrorActionPreference | Value | Use | |-------|-----| | Stop | Development (fail fast) | | Continue | Production scripts | | SilentlyContinue | When errors expected | ### Try/Catch Pattern - Don't return inside try block - Use finally for cleanup - Return after try/catch --- ## 6. File Paths ### Windows Path Rules | Pattern | Use | |---------|-----| | Literal path | `C:\Users\User\file.txt` | | Variable path | `Join-Path $env:USERPROFILE "file.txt"` | | Relative | `Join-Path $ScriptDir "data"` | **Rule:** Use Join-Path for cross-platform safety. --- ## 7. Array Operations ### Correct Patterns | Operation | Syntax | |-----------|--------| | Empty array | `$array = @()` | | Add item | `$array += $item` | | ArrayList add | `$list.Add($item) | Out-Null` | --- ## 8. JSON Operations ### CRITICAL: Depth Parameter | ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |----------|-----------| | `ConvertTo-Json` | `ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10` | **Rule:** Always specify `-Depth` for nested objects. ### File Operations | Operation | Pattern | |-----------|---------| | Read | `Get-Content "file.json" -Raw | ConvertFrom-Json` | | Write | `$data | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File "file.json" -Encoding UTF8` | --- ## 9. Common Errors | Error Message | Cause | Fix | |---------------|-------|-----| | "parameter 'or'" | Missing parentheses | Wrap cmdlets in () | | "Unexpected token" | Unicode character | Use ASCII only | | "Cannot find property" | Null object | Check null first | | "Cannot convert" | Type mismatch | Use .ToString() | --- ## 10. Script Template ```powershell # Strict mode Set-StrictMode -Version Latest $ErrorActionPreference = "Continue" # Paths $ScriptDir = Split-Path -Parent $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path # Main try { # Logic here Write-Output "[OK] Done" exit 0 } catch { Write-Warning "Error: $_" exit 1 } ``` --- > **Remember:** PowerShell has unique syntax rules. Parentheses, ASCII-only, and null checks are non-negotiable.