postman-api-testing

Postman collections, environments, pre-request scripts, and Newman CI

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Dernière activité de la source: 25 mars 2026 à 02:12
Langue détectée de SKILL.md: anglais
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name	Postman API Testing
description	Postman collections, environments, pre-request scripts, and Newman CI
version	1.0.0
author	thetestingacademy
license	MIT
testingTypes	["api"]
frameworks	["postman"]
languages	["javascript"]
domains	["api"]
agents	["claude-code","cursor","github-copilot","windsurf","codex","aider","continue","cline","zed","bolt"]

Postman API Testing Skill

You are an expert QA engineer specializing in API testing with Postman and Newman. When the user asks you to create, review, or debug Postman collections and test scripts, follow these detailed instructions.

Core Principles

Collections as documentation -- Well-organized collections serve as living API documentation.
Environment-agnostic -- Collections must work across dev, staging, and production via environment files.
Test every response -- Every request must have test scripts validating status, body, and headers.
Chain requests -- Use variables to pass data between requests for workflow testing.
CI-ready -- Collections must run via Newman in CI/CD pipelines.

Project Structure

postman/
  collections/
    users-api.postman_collection.json
    products-api.postman_collection.json
    auth-api.postman_collection.json
    e2e-workflows.postman_collection.json
  environments/
    local.postman_environment.json
    staging.postman_environment.json
    production.postman_environment.json
  globals/
    global-variables.postman_globals.json
  data/
    users.csv
    products.json
  scripts/
    run-tests.sh
    newman-config.js

Collection Organization

Folder Structure

API Collection
  ├── Auth
  │     ├── Login
  │     ├── Register
  │     ├── Refresh Token
  │     └── Logout
  ├── Users
  │     ├── Create User
  │     ├── Get User by ID
  │     ├── Update User
  │     ├── Delete User
  │     └── List Users
  ├── Products
  │     ├── Create Product
  │     ├── Get Product
  │     ├── Search Products
  │     └── Delete Product
  └── Workflows
        ├── User Registration Flow
        └── Complete Purchase Flow

Environment Variables

{
  "name": "Staging",
  "values": [
    { "key": "baseUrl", "value": "https://staging-api.example.com", "enabled"

// Generate unique email for user creation
const timestamp = Date.now();
pm.variables.set("uniqueEmail", `test-${timestamp}@example.com`);
pm.variables.set("uniqueName", `TestUser_${timestamp}`);
pm.variables.set("requestId", pm.variables.replaceIn("{{$guid}}"));

// Generate random data
pm.variables.set("randomPrice", (Math.random() * 100 + 1).toFixed(2));
pm.variables.set("randomQuantity", Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1);

// Pre-request script to ensure we have a valid token
const tokenExpiry = pm.environment.get("tokenExpiry");
const currentTime = Date.now();

if (!tokenExpiry || currentTime > parseInt(tokenExpiry)) {
    // Token is expired or missing, get a new one
    const loginRequest = {
        url: `${pm.environment.get("baseUrl")}/api/auth/login`,
        method: "POST",
        header: {
            "Content-Type": "application/json",
        },
        body: {
            mode: "raw",
            raw: JSON.stringify({
                email: pm.environment.get("adminEmail"),
                password: pm.environment.get("adminPassword"),
            }),
        },
    };

    pm.sendRequest(loginRequest, (error, response) => {
        if (error) {
            console.error("Login failed:", error);
            return;
        }

        const jsonResponse = response.json();
        pm.environment.set("authToken", jsonResponse.token);
        // Set expiry to 55 minutes from now (assuming 1-hour token)
        pm.environment.set("tokenExpiry", String(Date.now() + 55 * 60 * 1000));
        console.log("Token refreshed successfully");
    });
}

// HMAC signature for API requests
const crypto = require("crypto-js");
const apiSecret = pm.environment.get("apiSecret");
const timestamp = new Date().toISOString();
const body = pm.request.body ? pm.request.body.raw : "";

const signature = crypto.HmacSHA256(
    `${pm.request.method}${pm.request.url}${timestamp}${body}`,
    apiSecret
).toString(crypto.enc.Hex);

pm.request.headers.add({
    key: "X-Timestamp",
    value: timestamp,
});
pm.request.headers.add({
    key: "X-Signature",
    value: signature,
});

// Basic status code check
pm.test("Status code is 200", () => {
    pm.response.to.have.status(200);
});

// Status code in range
pm.test("Status code is success", () => {
    pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([200, 201]);
});

// Specific status for specific operations
pm.test("Resource created successfully", () => {
    pm.response.to.have.status(201);
});

const jsonData = pm.response.json();

pm.test("Response has required fields", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("id");
    pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("email");
    pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("name");
    pm.expect(jsonData).to.have.property("createdAt");
});

pm.test("Email matches request", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.variables.get("uniqueEmail"));
});

pm.test("Data types are correct", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.be.a("string");
    pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.be.a("string");
    pm.expect(jsonData.active).to.be.a("boolean");
    pm.expect(jsonData.createdAt).to.match(/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}/);
});

pm.test("Nested object validation", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData.address).to.be.an("object");
    pm.expect(jsonData.address.city).to.be.a("string");
    pm.expect(jsonData.address.zip).to.match(/^\d{5}/);
});

pm.test("Array validation", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.be.an("array");
    pm.expect(jsonData.items).to.have.lengthOf.at.least(1);
    jsonData.items.forEach((item) => {
        pm.expect(item).to.have.property("id");
        pm.expect(item).to.have.property("name");
        pm.expect(item.price).to.be.above(0);
    });
});

pm.test("Response has correct content type", () => {
    pm.response.to.have.header("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
});

pm.test("Security headers are present", () => {
    pm.response.to.have.header("X-Content-Type-Options");
    pm.response.to.have.header("X-Frame-Options");
    pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Content-Type-Options")).to.eql("nosniff");
});

pm.test("Response has request ID for tracing", () => {
    pm.response.to.have.header("X-Request-Id");
    pm.expect(pm.response.headers.get("X-Request-Id")).to.not.be.empty;
});

pm.test("Response time is under 500ms", () => {
    pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(500);
});

pm.test("Response time is acceptable", () => {
    const threshold = pm.variables.get("responseTimeThreshold") || 2000;
    pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(parseInt(threshold));
});

const schema = {
    type: "object",
    required: ["id", "email", "name", "role", "createdAt"],
    properties: {
        id: { type: "string", format: "uuid" },
        email: { type: "string", format: "email" },
        name: { type: "string", minLength: 1 },
        role: { type: "string", enum: ["admin", "user", "viewer"] },
        active: { type: "boolean" },
        createdAt: { type: "string" },
    },
    additionalProperties: false,
};

pm.test("Response matches JSON schema", () => {
    const jsonData = pm.response.json();
    const valid = tv4.validate(jsonData, schema);
    pm.expect(valid).to.be.true;
    if (!valid) {
        console.log("Schema validation error:", tv4.error);
    }
});

// In "Create User" test script -- save the ID for subsequent requests
const jsonData = pm.response.json();

pm.test("Save user ID for next request", () => {
    pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.not.be.undefined;
    pm.environment.set("userId", jsonData.id);
    console.log("Saved userId:", jsonData.id);
});

// In "Get User" test script -- verify the retrieved user matches
pm.test("Retrieved user matches created user", () => {
    const jsonData = pm.response.json();
    pm.expect(jsonData.id).to.eql(pm.environment.get("userId"));
});

email,name,role,expectedStatus
valid@example.com,Valid User,user,201
admin@example.com,Admin User,admin,201
,Missing Email,user,400
invalid-email,Bad Format,user,400

{
    "email": "{{email}}",
    "name": "{{name}}",
    "role": "{{role}}"
}

const expectedStatus = parseInt(pm.iterationData.get("expectedStatus"));

pm.test(`Should return status ${expectedStatus}`, () => {
    pm.response.to.have.status(expectedStatus);
});

if (expectedStatus === 201) {
    pm.test("User created with correct data", () => {
        const jsonData = pm.response.json();
        pm.expect(jsonData.email).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("email"));
        pm.expect(jsonData.name).to.eql(pm.iterationData.get("name"));
    });
}

# Run a collection
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
  -e environments/staging.postman_environment.json

# Run with data file
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
  -e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
  -d data/users.csv \
  -n 5  # iterations

# Run specific folder
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
  --folder "Users" \
  -e environments/staging.postman_environment.json

# Run with reporters
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
  -e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
  -r cli,json,htmlextra \
  --reporter-json-export results/report.json \
  --reporter-htmlextra-export results/report.html

# Run with timeout
newman run collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
  -e environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
  --timeout-request 10000 \
  --timeout-script 5000

name: API Tests
on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  api-tests:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: '20'

      - name: Install Newman
        run: |
          npm install -g newman
          npm install -g newman-reporter-htmlextra

      - name: Run API Tests
        run: |
          newman run postman/collections/users-api.postman_collection.json \
            -e postman/environments/staging.postman_environment.json \
            -r cli,htmlextra,json \
            --reporter-htmlextra-export reports/api-report.html \
            --reporter-json-export reports/api-results.json

      - name: Upload Test Results
        if: always()
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: api-test-results
          path: reports/