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Addon: mmd_tools (import_model, import_vmd, assemble_all, ptcache bake ops)
import_vmd.poll → needs len(context.selected_objects) > 0
Camera VMD → select a Camera object (converts to MMD camera empty + child)
Pitfall
Fix
import_vmd.poll() failed
Select model root or camera first
Camera motion applied to model
New Camera only selected, then import camera VMD
Huge existing scene
Snapshot object names before/after import
Crash on long bake
save_as named blend often; short bake range first
Same blend OK locally, broken on remote -b
Almost always missing mmd_tools on server — see §9
1. Import model
bpy.ops.mmd_tools.import_model(
filepath=pmx_or_pmd,
scale=0.08, # mmd_tools default scale
types={'MESH', 'ARMATURE', 'PHYSICS', 'DISPLAY', 'MORPHS'},
clean_model=True,
rename_bones=True,
dictionary='DISABLED', # keep JP names for VMD matching unless project requires EN
)
# Find MMD root: object.mmd_type == 'ROOT'# Armature: usually child of root, type ARMATURE
Then bpy.ops.mmd_tools.assemble_all() → root.mmd_root.is_built == True.
Scrubbing the timeline does not simulate rigid bodies. Play or bake.
As of mmd_tools v4.5.x, Rigid Body World is enabled when assembling physics, not merely on VMD import. Assembly→Physics is opt-in convenience — not MMD-faithful soft physics (see §5).
1b. Materials (skin / cloth / hair)
Default import shaders
mmd_tools builds MMDBasicShader / MMDShaderDev: Diffuse + Anisotropic glossy mix (reflection Fac ≈ 0.02). MMD props (ambient / diffuse / alpha / specular / shininess / double-sided / sphere map type / …) live on the material’s MMD Material / MMD Texture panels and sync into the node graph via update callbacks.
Edit where
Effect
MMD Material / MMD Texture panels
Updates Blender nodes and PMX custom props
Blender native BSDF fields only
Nodes change; PMX export props do not follow
Convert for Cycles / Principled
# Viewport-friendly Principled path (default SSS weight 0.001 on converted mats)
bpy.ops.mmd_tools.convert_materials() # → Principled BSDF# Or force Cycles engine path (use_principled default False in older ops — set True for PBR)
bpy.ops.mmd_tools.convert_materials_for_cycles() # check current op signature in addon
Verified converter behavior (mmd_tools main / cycles_converter.py):
Mapping
Result
Base Color
diffuse / Base Tex
Alpha
Principled Alpha (or Transmission=1-alpha if no Alpha socket)
Non-Principled transparency
MMDAlphaShader = Transparent BSDF mixed by Alpha Fac
Subsurface Weight
default 0.001 on all converted materials (not skin-only)
IOR
hardcoded 1.0 after Principled switch — must hand-tune
Base Color + roughness; sheen/coat if available; disable leftover MMD sphere-map glints if muddy
Hair / silk
keep or rebuild anisotropy (MMD default is anisotropic glossy); tangent along hair flow
Transparent clothes / lashes
Alpha clip vs blend; sort/shadow modes per engine; hair cards often Alpha Hashed (EEVEE)
Self-glow (eyes, LEDs)
Principled Emission Strength + color; or add Emission mix — MMD self-illum is not full bloom by default
Toon look
often skip Principled convert; keep MMDShaderDev + lighting; or use shader-to-RGB / ramp workflows
Do not treat “Convert Materials” as final skin/cloth look — it is a seed. Zero SSS on hard props after convert so only skin keeps subsurface.
2. Motion + camera
Start offset + hold pose
User often wants motion to begin at frame S (e.g. 6). With frame_current in {0,1}:
margin = S - 1# e.g. S=6 → margin=5# select ROOT
bpy.ops.mmd_tools.import_vmd(filepath=motion_vmd, scale=0.08, margin=margin,
create_new_action=True, update_scene_settings=True)
Hold pose (critical): copy values from first motion keys at frame S onto frame 1 (or start), set interpolation='CONSTANT' for keys ≤ S, delete keys strictly between hold and S. Verify bone world pos: hold frames equal; S→S+1 moves.
Camera VMD
bpy.ops.object.camera_add()
# select that camera only
bpy.ops.mmd_tools.import_vmd(filepath=camera_vmd, scale=0.08, margin=margin,
create_new_action=True, detect_camera_changes=True)
# Parent empty is MMD camera; child is CAMERA → scene.camera = child# Raise clip_end (default often 40 → far scene clipped / “gray plate”)
cam.data.clip_start = 0.01
cam.data.clip_end = 5000.0
sensor_height/tan(angle/2)/2 (often 24.0/… when sensor_height=24)
MMD_Camera.mmd_camera.angle
type
not is_perspective
mmd_camera.is_perspective
ortho_scale
25*abs(empty_distance)/45
empty distance
non-persp Y rot
pi when distance > 1e-5
distance
Near-zero angle → extreme/invalid lens (not a freehand F-curve). Without the addon, mmd_camera.angle is missing → driver sees 0 → Division by Zero → lens≈1 (ultra-wide, “fake ortho”). Local GUI with mmd_tools looks fine; remote -b without addon looks wrong — same file.
Optional hardening: patch lens driver to sensor_height/tan(max(angle,1e-4)/2)/2 (or 24.0/…).
60fps keep realtime duration
VMD is authored at 30fps. Setting render.fps=60 without retiming plays 2× speed.
Scale all related action key times by 2 (bone, facial/morph, display, camera, extra VMD)
Rebuild NLA strip frame ranges
Scene range: start' = S*2, end' = end*2
Do not use frame_map_old/new as a duration hack (clips timeline)
Layer second motion mid-way (generic)
Primary dance: NLA REPLACE full range
Secondary (props/toys/extra bones): NLA COMBINE from mid = start + (end-start)//2
Import secondary with use_nla=True / create_new_action as needed, then rebuild strips
Only shift/layer bones that belong to the secondary clip
3. Accessories stick to body / breast
When cloth must look non-simulated but follow breast jiggle:
Ensure accessory mesh is under armature hierarchy
Mute all Armature modifiers (including body) → bind at rest topology
If model was joined into one mesh: separate by material first.
4. Visibility (Blender 5)
hide_render / hide_viewport fcurves may evaluate correctly but not drive the property (multi-slot actions).
Reliable render hide: animate scale to (0,0,0) / (1,1,1) with CONSTANT keys. Optionally also key hide_*.
Rules:
Match user’s current viewport hide state for “first half costume”
Mid-shot undress list: scale 0 from mid frame
Exclude items user wants always on (e.g. metal belt)
Headless “only clothes, no body/face/hair”: check hide_render on body meshes and camera lens — both can stack.
5. Physics: breast / skirt / hair / cloth
Fidelity limits (read first)
Blender rigid body is transform-only (position/orientation of solid meshes) — good for MMD bone/collider chains (hair sticks, skirt bones, breast spheres). It does not mesh-deform fabric.
mmd_tools cannot faithfully match MMD/PMX soft constraints (esp. breast): MMD uses Bullet soft limits; Blender uses hard constraints; collision masks are emulated with many constraints. Assembly → Physics will not closely match MMD breast.
Goal
Prefer
Exact MMD physics + fewer Blender RB crashes
MMDBridge + disable Blender Rigid Body World (rintrint/mmdbridge); trade-off: own ecosystem (e.g. MME)
“Good enough” breast/skirt in pure Blender
Tune RB springs (below) or Soft Body on mesh
Cloth surface folds
Cloth modifier (not MMD RB)
Hair cards as bones
MMD RB chain on hair bones; optional hair dynamics for strands
Topology (typical MMD RB)
type 0 kinematic anchors parented to bones
type 1 dynamic spheres + GENERIC_SPRING joints
After param edit: free bake or params ignored
Muted Child Of (mmd_tools_rigid_parent) still creates dependency cycles — delete them if cycles spam + jitter
Only mesh objects participate in Blender RB; Active=simulated, Passive=static (both can use Animated)
Bake RB World in Object Mode; save the .blend first — unsaved caches stay in memory only
Collision policy (squeeze without self-explode)
Overlapping same-side breast spheres on one collision bit → perpetual jitter.
Pair
Desired
Same-side breast spheres
No collision (disable_collisions on joints / NC constraints)
Left ↔ right (cleavage)
Yes collision
Breast ↔ body (group 0: arms/torso)
Yes collision
Practical Blender setup:
Put dynamic breasts on a shared collision collection bit (e.g. bit 3)
Body group-0 colliders: bit 0 and bit 3
Only outer spheres (main + front) need collision; helper spheres can be collision-off (springs only) for stability
Keep L–R joint/NC constraints with disable_collisions=False; same-side True
Breast “too bouncy” → overdamped preset
Param
Soft default
Stiffer render-safe
Why
mass
~0.9
~1.5–2.0
heavier = less twitch
linear / angular damping
0.97 / 0.99
0.999
kill velocity
spring stiff/damp lin
90 / 50
5000 / 3000
overdamped
spring stiff/damp ang
45 / 40
3000 / 2000
avoid underdamped 120/15
ang limit
±2.2°
±0.5° (~0.008 rad)
short travel
lin limit
±0.003
±0.0008
restitution
0
0
no contact bounce
substeps / solver
10 / 10
30–40 / 20–40
stability
After any change: bpy.ops.ptcache.free_bake_all() then resim/bake.
Skirt too wide: raise mass/damping, halve joint ang limits, slightly scale leg collision bodies.
Bake vs live sim
Workflow
Need bake?
Sequential blender -b … -a full range
Live sim usually OK
Mid-range only (-s/-e or -f mid clip)
Bake — missing history
Multi-machine per-frame split
Bake mandatory
Bake: many ACTIVE bodies × long range is crash-prone; trial-bake short range first. rigidbody_world.enabled=True.
Cloth (clothing alternative)
When skirt/dress needs surface folds instead of bone RB:
Parent cloth mesh to armature; Armature modifier first, then Cloth, smooth/subsurf after
Pin vertex group on waist/belt; weight paint freely moving hem
Character body: Collision modifier
First playthrough auto-caches; for render-stable cache set Start/End → Bake (save blend first)
Do not run MMD skirt RB and Cloth on the same mesh without a clear stack plan — double motion.
6. Lighting (outdoor reference)
One clear key sun (upper-left / through foliage toward stage); classic three-point = key + soft fill + hair/rim
Kill conflicting bright area/point lights
World HDR moderate; if character overexposes, lower sun/exposure first, not world to black
HDRI-only outdoor: raising a single Background strength softens contrast — split lighting vs camera-visible with two Backgrounds mixed by Light Path Is Camera Ray (lighting/reflections on one input, visible plate on the other)
EEVEE: enable world/HDRI shadow options if the HDRI should cast shadows
Dense world volume scatter blacks out the scene
Puddles: mask only wet areas; wet low roughness + white glints; dry high roughness
Leaves: alpha color-ramp near 0.9–1.0 makes leaves vanish; open ramp; density = slight scale, not endless duplicates
Puddle “reflection on/off” flicker is usually EEVEE SSR/temporal denoise, not the material — see §10
7. Pack / ghost textures
Errors like missing source path C:\Map #1 (Chinese UI may show 找不到源路径 'C:\Map #1'):
Usually 3ds Max leftover image names Map #… with invalid filepath
Do not only images.remove while materials still point at them
Disconnect TEX_IMAGE or replace with GENERATED image (has_data=True) then pack
Find users by scanning material node trees + object slots
Cold headless: packed=True but has_data=False until image.reload() / first use. Prefer diagnosing lens + hide_render before chasing textures.
8. Default pipeline order
Import PMX/PMD → assemble_all (physics only if you accept Blender RB limits)
