meshtastic/MQTTastic-Client-KMP

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# MQTTastic Client KMP <img src="docs/images/app-icon.png" alt="MQTTastic app icon" align="right" width="128" height="128" /> [![Maven Central](https://img.shields.io/maven-central/v/org.meshtastic/mqtt-client-core?label=Maven%20Central)](https://central.sonatype.com/artifact/org.meshtastic/mqtt-client-core) [![Kotlin](https://img.shields.io/badge/Kotlin-2.4.10-7f52ff.svg?logo=kotlin)](https://kotlinlang.org) [![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL%20v3-blue.svg)](LICENSE) [![CI](https://github.com/meshtastic/MQTTastic-Client-KMP/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/meshtastic/MQTTastic-Client-KMP/actions/workflows/ci.yml) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/meshtastic/MQTTastic-Client-KMP/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/meshtastic/MQTTastic-Client-KMP) [![API Docs](https://img.shields.io/badge/API%20Docs-latest-blue.svg)](https://meshtastic.github.io/MQTTastic-Client-KMP) [![Revved up by Develocity](https://img.shields.io/badge/Revved%20up%20by-Develocity-06A0CE?logo=Gradle&labelColor=02303A)](https://community.develocity.cloud/scans?search.rootProjectNames=MQTTastic-Client-KMP) A fully-featured **MQTT 5.0 and 3.1.1** client library for **Kotlin Multiplatform** — connecting JVM, Android, iOS, macOS, Linux, Windows, and browsers through a single, idiomatic Kotlin API. <img src="docs/images/sample-app.png" alt="MQTTastic sample app running on Android, connected to mqtt.meshtastic.org and streaming live mesh traffic" width="820" /> The bundled Compose Multiplatform sample app, live on <code>tls://mqtt.meshtastic.org:8883</code>. ## Features - 📦 **Full MQTT 5.0 + 3.1.1** — all 15 packet types, properties, reason codes, and enhanced auth (5.0); backward-compatible 3.1.1 support - 🔄 **All QoS levels** — QoS 0, 1, and 2 with complete state machine handling - 🌍 **True multiplatform** — one codebase, 9 targets (see [Platform Support](#platform-support)) - 🔒 **TLS/SSL** — secure connections on all native/JVM targets - 🌐 **WebSocket** — binary WebSocket transport on all platforms (behind LBs, CDNs, firewalls) - ⚡ **Coroutines-first** — `suspend` functions and `Flow`-based message delivery - 🪶 **Minimal dependencies** — only Ktor (transport) + kotlinx-coroutines + kotlinx-io - 🛡️ **Immutable by design** — `ByteString` payloads, validated inputs, data class models - 📝 **Configurable logging** — zero-overhead `MqttLogger` interface with level filtering - ✅ **Spec-validated** — topic filter wildcards, reserved bits, and packet structure per MQTT 5.0 ## Why MQTTastic? | | MQTTastic | Typical alternatives | |---|---|---| | **Pure KMP** | Single codebase, single API across all platforms | Wrappers around platform SDKs (Paho, Mosquitto) | | **MQTT 5.0 first** | Built from the ground up for 5.0 — not retrofitted from 3.1.1 | Bolt-on 5.0 support with incomplete property coverage | | **Coroutines-native** | `suspend` functions and `Flow` everywhere — no callbacks, no blocking | Callback-heavy APIs requiring manual coroutine bridging | | **Zero platform deps** | Only Ktor + kotlinx-coroutines + kotlinx-io | Bundles native C libraries or platform-specific SDKs | | **Immutable & validated** | `ByteString` payloads, validated topic filters, range-checked properties | Mutable byte arrays, silent truncation, unchecked inputs | ## Platform Support | Platform | Target | Transport | Status | |----------|--------|-----------|--------| | JVM | `jvm` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | Android | `android` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | iOS | `iosArm64`, `iosSimulatorArm64` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | macOS | `macosArm64` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | Linux | `linuxX64`, `linuxArm64` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | Windows | `mingwX64` | TCP/TLS, WebSocket | ✅ | | Browser | `wasmJs` | WebSocket | ✅ | ## Architecture All protocol logic — packet encoding/decoding, the client state machine, QoS flows, and property handling — lives in the **`mqtt-client-core`** module as pure `commonMain` Kotlin, with **zero** transport dependencies. Each transport ships as its own artifact, so a consumer pulls in only what it uses. Every bug fix, feature, and optimization in core applies to all 9 targets simultaneously. ``` ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ mqtt-client-core │ ← public API: suspend + Flow │ MqttClient / MqttConnection / QoS machines │ ← protocol logic, keepalive │ MqttPacket / Encoder / Decoder │ ← MQTT 5.0 wire format │ MqttTransport / MqttTransportFactory (SPI) │ ← the transport seam └───────────────────────┬─────────────────────┘ ▲ │ api(core) ▲ │ ▼ │ ┌───────────┴───────────┐ ┌───────────────────┴───────────┐ │ mqtt-client- │ │ mqtt-client-transport-ws │ │ transport-tcp │ │ WebSocketTransport(Factory) │ │ TcpTransport(Factory) │ │ ktor-client-websockets │ │ ktor-network + TLS │ │ all targets incl. browser │ │ (no browser) │ │ │ └───────────────────────┘ └────────────────────────────────┘ ``` `MqttTransport` / `MqttTransportFactory` are the **public** service-provider interface — the sole platform abstraction boundary. Core has no compile-time dependency on any transport module; you supply a factory (`TcpTransportFactory`, `WebSocketTransportFactory`, or both combined with `+`) via `MqttConfig.Builder.transportFactory`. Coroutines drive everything: `suspend` functions for operations, `SharedFlow<MqttMessage>` for incoming messages, and `StateFlow<ConnectionState>` for lifecycle observation. ## Installation Artifacts are published to Maven Central under the `org.meshtastic` group. Depend on `mqtt-client-core` plus the transport(s) you need. The `mqtt-client-bom` pins every module to one version so you don't repeat it: ```kotlin // settings.gradle.kts repositories { mavenCentral() } // build.gradle.kts kotlin { sourceSets { commonMain.dependencies { implementation(platform("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-bom:0.5.0")) implementation("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-core") // Pick the transport(s) you actually use: implementation("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-transport-tcp") // TCP/TLS — every target except browser implementation("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-transport-ws") // WebSocket — every target incl. browser } } } ``` Then supply the matching factory when building the client (combine with `+` if you use both): ```kotlin val client = MqttClient("my-client") { transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory() + WebSocketTransportFactory() } ``` > **Browser (wasmJs)** can only use `mqtt-client-transport-ws` — raw TCP is unavailable there. <details> <summary>Groovy DSL</summary> ```groovy // build.gradle kotlin { sourceSets { commonMain { dependencies { implementation platform('org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-bom:0.5.0') implementation 'org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-core' implementation 'org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-transport-tcp' implementation 'org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-transport-ws' } } } } ``` </details> <details> <summary>Single-platform (JVM / Android only)</summary> ```kotlin dependencies { implementation(platform("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-bom:0.5.0")) implementation("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-core") implementation("org.meshtastic:mqtt-client-transport-tcp") } ``` </details> ## Quick Start ```kotlin import org.meshtastic.mqtt.* import org.meshtastic.mqtt.transport.tcp.TcpTransportFactory // Create a client with the factory DSL val client = MqttClient("my-client") { transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory() // from mqtt-client-transport-tcp keepAliveSeconds = 30 autoReconnect = true defaultQos = QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE // all publishes default to QoS 1 } // Connect, work, and auto-close client.use(MqttEndpoint.parse("tcp://broker.example.com:1883")) { c -> // Subscribe c.subscribe("sensors/temperature") // Publish (uses defaultQos from config) c.publish("sensors/temperature", "22.5") // Collect messages c.messagesForTopic("sensors/temperature").collect { msg -> println("Received: ${msg.payloadAsString()}") } } ``` <details> <summary>Verbose equivalent (without convenience APIs)</summary> ```kotlin val config = MqttConfig( clientId = "my-client", keepAliveSeconds = 30, autoReconnect = true, transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory(), ) val client = MqttClient(config) client.connect(MqttEndpoint.Tcp(host = "broker.example.com", port = 1883)) client.subscribe("sensors/temperature", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE) client.publish( MqttMessage( topic = "sensors/temperature", payload = ByteString("22.5".encodeToByteArray()), qos = QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE, ), ) client.messages.collect { msg -> if (msg.topic == "sensors/temperature") { println("Received: ${msg.payload.toByteArray().decodeToString()}") } } client.close() ``` </details> ### MQTT 3.1.1 Support By default, the client automatically negotiates the protocol version. It connects with MQTT 5.0 first and, if the broker rejects it with `UNSUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSION`, seamlessly retries with MQTT 3.1.1 on a fresh connection — no configuration needed: ```kotlin // Auto-negotiation is on by default — works with both 5.0 and 3.1.1 brokers val client = MqttClient("my-client") { transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory() keepAliveSeconds = 30 } client.use(MqttEndpoint.parse("tcp://any-broker:1883")) { c -> // After connect, check which version was negotiated: println("Connected with ${c.negotiatedProtocolVersion}") c.subscribe("sensors/#") c.messagesForTopic("sensors/#").collect { msg -> println("Received: ${msg.payloadAsString()}") } } ``` To force a specific version or disable negotiation: ```kotlin // Force MQTT 3.1.1 (no negotiation) val v311Client = MqttClient("my-client") { protocolVersion = MqttProtocolVersion.V3_1_1 } // Force MQTT 5.0 only (disable fallback) val v5OnlyClient = MqttClient("my-client") { negotiateVersion = false } ``` MQTT 3.1.1 mode automatically: - Omits properties sections from all packets - Uses 3.1.1 CONNACK return codes (mapped to `ReasonCode`) - Encodes subscribe options as QoS-only (no `noLocal`, `retainAsPublished`, `retainHandling`) - Sends a body-less DISCONNECT on close - Skips topic aliases and flow control (Receive Maximum) 5.0-only config options (`sessionExpiryInterval`, `authenticationMethod`) are rejected at config-build time when `V3_1_1` is explicitly selected. When using auto-negotiation, fallback is skipped if the config uses 5.0-only features — the original rejection is re-thrown so you know the broker doesn't support your configuration. ### Convenience APIs The library ships several ergonomic extensions to reduce boilerplate: | API | What it replaces | |-----|-----------------| | `MqttClient("id") { ... }` | `MqttClient(MqttConfig(clientId = "id", ...))` | | `MqttEndpoint.parse("tcp://host:1883")` | `MqttEndpoint.Tcp(host, port, tls)` | | `client.use(endpoint) { ... }` | Manual `connect` + `try/finally { close() }` | | `msg.payloadAsString()` | `msg.payload.toByteArray().decodeToString()` | | `client.messagesForTopic("x")` | `client.messages.filter { it.topic == "x" }` | | `client.messagesMatching("x/+/y")` | Manual wildcard matching on `messages` flow | | `client.publish(topic, payload)` | Constructing `MqttMessage` manually | | `defaultQos` / `defaultRetain` | Repeating `qos = QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE` on every publish | | `will { topic = ...; payload("...") }` | `will = WillConfig(topic = ..., payload = ByteString(...))` | #### Endpoint Parsing Parse broker URIs instead of constructing endpoints manually: ```kotlin MqttEndpoint.parse("tcp://broker:1883") // Plain TCP MqttEndpoint.parse("ssl://broker:8883") // TCP + TLS MqttEndpoint.parse("mqtts://broker") // TLS, default port 8883 MqttEndpoint.parse("wss://broker/mqtt") // Secure WebSocket ``` #### Topic-Filtered Message Flows ```kotlin // Exact topic match client.messagesForTopic("sensors/temperature").collect { ... } // Wildcard filter (supports + and #) client.messagesMatching("sensors/+/temperature").collect { ... } ``` ### Builder DSL Use the builder DSL for complex configurations (annotated with `@MqttDsl` for scope safety, like Ktor's `@KtorDsl`): ```kotlin val config = MqttConfig.build { clientId = "sensor-hub-01" keepAliveSeconds = 30 cleanStart = false autoReconnect = true defaultQos = QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE logger = MqttLogger.println() logLevel = MqttLogLevel.DEBUG will { topic = "sensors/status" payload("offline") qos = QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE retain = true } } ``` ### Logging The library provides a zero-overhead logging interface. When no logger is configured (the default), message lambdas are never evaluated: ```kotlin // Built-in println logger for quick debugging val config = MqttConfig( clientId = "debug-client", logger = MqttLogger.println(), logLevel = MqttLogLevel.DEBUG, ) // Custom logger (e.g., forwarding to your app's logging framework) val config = MqttConfig( clientId = "production-client", logger = object : MqttLogger { override fun log(level: MqttLogLevel, tag: String, message: String, throwable: Throwable?) { myAppLogger.log(level.name, "[$tag] $message", throwable) } }, logLevel = MqttLogLevel.INFO, ) ``` Log levels from most to least verbose: `TRACE` → `DEBUG` → `INFO` → `WARN` → `ERROR` → `NONE`. ### Custom TLS trust By default both transports validate the broker certificate against the platform CA store. To reach a broker behind a private or self-signed CA, pass a TLS customisation lambda to the transport factory you use — `TcpTransportFactory`, `WebSocketTransportFactory`, or both, since a factory without the lambda keeps validating against the platform store alone. It runs against ktor's `TLSConfigBuilder`: ```kotlin import org.meshtastic.mqtt.transport.tcp.TcpTransportFactory val client = MqttClient("my-client") { transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory { trustManager = myPrivateCaTrustManager } } client.connect(MqttEndpoint.parse("mqtts://broker.internal:8883")) ``` The hook is applied after the SNI server name is resolved and before platform trust is configured. On Android that ordering means your trust manager is reached through the hostname-aware `checkServerTrusted(chain, authType, hostname)` overload, which the platform requires whenever `network_security_config.xml` holds any domain-specific configuration — rather than being discarded in favour of the platform wrapper. Be clear about what that does *not* buy you. Installing your own trust manager **replaces the platform's trust decision**: your anchors are used instead of the platform's, and `network_security_config.xml` anchors, certificate pinning, and Certificate Transparency policy are then enforced only insofar as your manager enforces them itself. Those platform policies apply as before only if you leave `trustManager` unset. The wrapping preserves the hostname-aware *call path*, not the platform's *policy*. RFC 6125 subject-name matching is separate again. Android's 3-arg overload uses the hostname for policy lookup, not for subject-name matching; that check comes from ktor and only runs when the SNI server name is set, so it is absent for IP-literal brokers such as `mqtts://192.168.1.50:8883`. On JVM and native targets there is no platform trust wrapping at all, so ktor's SNI-gated subject-name check is the only peer-identity verification beyond chain validation. If your trust manager accepts any chain, nothing else will stop a mismatched certificate. On Android the manager must be one `X509TrustManagerExtensions` can wrap: either obtained from a `TrustManagerFactory` initialised with a `KeyStore` containing your CA, or declaring the three-arg `checkServerTrusted(chain, authType, host)` that the platform looks up reflectively. A hand-written `X509TrustManager` implementing only the two-arg overload cannot be wrapped, and the handshake fails with an `IllegalArgumentException` explaining this. This scopes the extra trust to the MQTT connection alone. It replaces the app-wide workaround of adding `<certificates src="user"/>` to `network_security_config.xml`, which would affect every HTTPS connection the app makes. The hook composes with transport selection as usual, and both transports take the same lambda type, so one trust manager can serve both: ```kotlin transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory { trustManager = myPrivateCaTrustManager } + WebSocketTransportFactory { trustManager = myPrivateCaTrustManager } ``` `TLSConfigBuilder` comes from `io.ktor:ktor-network-tls`, exposed transitively by both `mqtt-client-transport-tcp` and `mqtt-client-transport-ws` — no extra dependency needed. `trustManager` specifically is available on the JVM and Android actuals of `TLSConfigBuilder`; on Apple and Linux the hook still runs, but `TLSConfigBuilder` exposes a different set of properties there. The WebSocket hook is additionally ignored on Windows (the WinHttp engine has no TLS-configuration surface) and in the browser (which cannot influence trust) — see `transport-ws/Module.md` for the per-target table. ## Android / KMP Integration The library is designed as a drop-in MQTT client for KMP projects. Consumer ProGuard/R8 rules are bundled automatically. ### ViewModel-scoped client ```kotlin class MqttViewModel : ViewModel() { private val client = MqttClient("my-device") { // broker URI may be tcp:// or ws://, so accept either transport transportFactory = TcpTransportFactory() + WebSocketTransportFactory() autoReconnect = true keepAliveSeconds = 30 } val connectionState = client.connectionState fun connect(broker: String) { viewModelScope.launch { client.connect(MqttEndpoint.parse(broker)) client.subscribe("msh/2/e/#", QoS.AT_LEAST_ONCE) } } fun observeMessages() = client.messagesMatching("msh/2/e/+/!/#") override fun onCleared() { viewModelScope.launch { client.close() } } } ``` ### Collecting in Compose ```kotlin @Composable fun MqttScreen(viewModel: MqttViewModel) { val state by viewModel.connectionState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle() LaunchedEffect(Unit) { viewModel.observeMessages().collect { msg -> // Process message } } } ``` ### Version alignment The library uses **Ktor 3.5.1** and **kotlinx-coroutines 1.11.0**. If your project uses the same versions, no conflicts will arise. Pin versions in your `libs.versions.toml` to avoid Gradle resolution surprises. ## MQTT 5.0 Coverage ### Protocol | Feature | Status | Spec Section | |---------|--------|--------------| | All 15 packet types | ✅ | §2.1 | | Variable Byte Integer encoding | ✅ | §1.5.5 | | UTF-8 string pairs | ✅ | §1.5.7 | ### Quality of Service | Feature | Status | Spec Section | |---------|--------|--------------| | QoS 0 (at most once) | ✅ | §4.3.1 | | QoS 1 (at least once) | ✅ | §4.3.2 | | QoS 2 (exactly once) | ✅ | §4.3.3 | | Duplicate detection (DUP flag) | ✅ | §3.3.1.1 | ### Session & Connection | Feature | Status | Spec Section | |---------|--------|--------------| | Session management (cleanStart) | ✅ | §3.1.2.4 | | Will messages & Will Delay | ✅ | §3.1.3.2 | | Keep-alive & PINGREQ/PINGRESP | ✅ | §3.1.2.10 | | Automatic reconnection | ✅ | — | | Server redirect | ✅ | §4.13 | ### Advanced Features | Feature | Status | Spec Section | |---------|--------|--------------| | Topic aliases | ✅ | §3.3.2.3.4 | | Enhanced authentication (AUTH) | ✅ | §4.12 | | Flow control (Receive Maximum) | ✅ | §3.3.4 | | Request/Response pattern | ✅ | §4.10 | | Shared subscriptions | ✅ | §4.8.2 | | Subscription identifiers | ✅ | §3.8.3.1 | | Topic filter validation | ✅ | §4.7 | ### Observability | Feature | Status | Spec Section | |---------|--------|--------------| | Configurable logging (6 levels) | ✅ | — | | Connection state observation | ✅ | — | ### Known Limitations | Limitation | Detail | |------------|--------| | Enhanced auth during CONNECT | Auth challenges are delivered only after the connection is established. SASL-style challenge/response during the CONNECT handshake (§4.12.1) is not yet supported. | | Client-side session persistence | When `cleanStart=false`, the broker resumes session state, but the client does not persist in-flight QoS 1/2 messages across reconnects. Unacknowledged messages may be lost. | ## Building See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for build setup, development workflow, and the full command reference. ## Documentation | Resource | Link | |----------|------| | API Reference | [meshtastic.github.io/MQTTastic-Client-KMP](https://meshtastic.github.io/MQTTastic-Client-KMP) | | Configuration Guide | [docs/configuration.md](docs/configuration.md) | | Topics & QoS Guide | [docs/topics-and-qos.md](docs/topics-and-qos.md) | | MQTT 5.0 Specification | [OASIS MQTT v5.0](https://docs.oasis-open.org/mqtt/mqtt/v5.0/os/mqtt-v5.0-os.html) | | Changelog | [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) | ## Contributing Contributions are welcome! Please read [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines on: - Setting up your development environment - Code style and conventions - Submitting pull requests For vulnerability reports, see the [Security Policy](SECURITY.md). All participants are expected to follow the [Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). ## License This project is licensed under the [GNU General Public License v3.0](LICENSE), consistent with all repositories in the [Meshtastic](https://github.com/meshtastic) organization.

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MQTTastic Client KMP — Kotlin Multiplatform MQTT 5.0 client library project knowledge

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2026-07-26

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