pine-script

name	pine-script
description	Export backtest strategies to indicator/strategy code for major trading platforms — TradingView, 通达信, 同花顺, 东方财富, MT5.
category	tool

Overview

This skill exports a AStockPursue strategy to all major trading platforms in one go. Output file: artifacts/strategy.pine (inside the run directory).

Supported platforms (always generate ALL):

Group	Platforms	Language
International Charts	TradingView	Pine Script v6
China Equities	通达信 / 同花顺 / 东方财富	TDX Formula
Forex / CFD	MetaTrader 5	MQL5

Workflow: Export from Backtest

1. load_skill("pine-script") — read this guide
2. read_file("config.json") — understand instruments, dates, parameters
3. read_file("code/signal_engine.py") — understand the Python strategy logic
4. Translate the strategy to ALL platforms using the references below
5. write_file("artifacts/strategy.pine") — save the combined output
6. Return the code in a code block with usage instructions per platform

Workflow: Generate from Description

1. load_skill("pine-script") — read this guide
2. Write indicator/strategy code for ALL platforms based on the user's description
3. write_file("artifacts/strategy.pine") — save the combined output
4. Return the code with usage instructions

Output Format

The output file uses this structure (all platforms in one file):

================================================================================
  TRADINGVIEW — Pine Script v6
  Paste into: Pine Editor → New blank indicator → Add to Chart
================================================================================

[Pine Script code here]

================================================================================
  通达信 / 同花顺 / 东方财富 (TDX Formula)
  Paste into: 功能 → 公式管理器 → 新建指标公式
================================================================================

[TDX formula code here]

================================================================================
  MT5 — MQL5
  Save as: .mq5 file → MetaEditor → Compile → Navigator → Attach to Chart
================================================================================

[MQL5 code here]

---

Platform Reference

1. TradingView — Pine Script v6

Template

// This strategy was generated by AStockPursue
// Paste into TradingView Pine Editor → Add to Chart
//@version=6
strategy("Strategy Name", overlay=true, default_qty_type=strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value=100, commission_type=strategy.commission.percent, commission_value=0.1, initial_capital=1000000)

// ============================================================================
// INPUTS
// ============================================================================
// [Group inputs logically with input.int(), input.float(), input.string()]

// ============================================================================
// CALCULATIONS
// ============================================================================
// [Core indicator calculations]

// ============================================================================
// CONDITIONS
// ============================================================================
longCondition = false
shortCondition = false
exitLongCondition = false
exitShortCondition = false

// ============================================================================
// STRATEGY EXECUTION
// ============================================================================
if longCondition
    strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if shortCondition
    strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)
if exitLongCondition
    strategy.close("Long")
if exitShortCondition
    strategy.close("Short")

// ============================================================================
// PLOTS
// ============================================================================
// [Visual overlays: moving averages, bands, signals]

// ============================================================================
// ALERTS
// ============================================================================
alertcondition(longCondition, title="Long Signal", message="Long entry signal triggered")
alertcondition(shortCondition, title="Short Signal", message="Short entry signal triggered")

Python → Pine Script Mapping

Python (pandas/numpy)	Pine Script v6
df['close'].rolling(n).mean()	ta.sma(close, n)
df['close'].ewm(span=n).mean()	ta.ema(close, n)
ta.RSI(df['close'], n) or manual RSI	ta.rsi(close, n)
ta.MACD(df['close'])	[macdLine, signalLine, hist] = ta.macd(close, 12, 26, 9)
df['close'].rolling(n).std()	ta.stdev(close, n)
df['high'].rolling(n).max()	ta.highest(high, n)
df['low'].rolling(n).min()	ta.lowest(low, n)
df['close'].pct_change()	(close - close[1]) / close[1]
df['volume'].rolling(n).mean()	ta.sma(volume, n)
df['close'] > df['close'].shift(1)	close > close[1]
Bollinger Bands	[mid, upper, lower] = ta.bb(close, length, mult)
ATR	ta.atr(length)
ADX	ta.adx(high, low, close, length)
Stochastic	ta.stoch(close, high, low, length, smoothK, smoothD)
CCI	ta.cci(close, length)
Williams %R	ta.wpr(length)
MFI	ta.mfi(close, length)
OBV	ta.obv
VWAP	ta.vwap

Data References

Python	Pine Script v6
df['open']	open
df['high']	high
df['low']	low
df['close']	close
df['volume']	volume
df.index (datetime)	time
df['close'].shift(n)	close[n]

Signal Logic

Python Pattern	Pine Script v6
(fast > slow) & (fast.shift(1) <= slow.shift(1))	ta.crossover(fast, slow)
(fast < slow) & (fast.shift(1) >= slow.shift(1))	ta.crossunder(fast, slow)
signal.where(condition, 0)	condition ? value : 0
np.where(cond, val_true, val_false)	cond ? val_true : val_false
signal.clip(-1, 1)	math.max(-1, math.min(1, signal))
signal.fillna(0)	nz(signal, 0)
pd.isna(value)	na(value)

Position Sizing

Python Pattern	Pine Script v6
Equal weight 1/N	strategy.percent_of_equity with default_qty_value = 100/N
Full position on signal=1.0	default_qty_type=strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value=100
Half position on signal=0.5	Use strategy.entry(..., qty=strategy.equity * 0.5 / close)
Stop-loss	strategy.exit("Exit", stop=entryPrice * (1 - stopPct))
Take-profit	strategy.exit("Exit", limit=entryPrice * (1 + tpPct))

Syntax Rules (Critical)

1. Version declaration must be first line: //@version=6
2. Ternary operators MUST stay on one line: text = condition ? "a" : "b"
3. Line continuation: continuation lines must be indented MORE than the starting line
4. No plot() in local scope (if/for/function) — use plot(condition ? value : na)
5. var: persistent state across bars; regular assignment recalculates each bar
6. Avoid repainting: use barstate.isconfirmed, lookahead=barmerge.lookahead_off
7. Limits: max 500 bars lookback, 500 plot calls, 64 entry/exit per bar, 40 request.security()

---

2. 通达信 / 同花顺 / 东方财富 — TDX Formula

These platforms share 95%+ identical formula syntax. Write ONE version that works on all three.

Template

{AStockPursue 策略导出}
{策略名称: XXX}

{——————— 参数 ———————}
N:=14;
M:=6;

{——————— 指标计算 ———————}
RSI_VAL:=RSI(CLOSE,N);
MA_FAST:=MA(CLOSE,5);
MA_SLOW:=MA(CLOSE,20);

{——————— 买卖信号 ———————}
BUY:CROSS(MA_FAST,MA_SLOW) AND RSI_VAL<40,COLORRED;
SELL:CROSS(MA_SLOW,MA_FAST) AND RSI_VAL>60,COLORGREEN;

DRAWTEXT(BUY,LOW,'B'),COLORYELLOW;
DRAWTEXT(SELL,HIGH,'S'),COLORWHITE;

Python → TDX Mapping

Python	TDX Formula
df['close'].rolling(n).mean()	MA(CLOSE,N)
df['close'].ewm(span=n).mean()	EMA(CLOSE,N)
RSI	RSI(CLOSE,N) (returns 0-100)
MACD	MACD.DIF, MACD.DEA, MACD.MACD or manual: DIF:=EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26); DEA:=EMA(DIF,9); MACD:=(DIF-DEA)*2;
Bollinger Bands	BOLL(N,M) → BOLL.UPPER, BOLL.MID, BOLL.LOWER or manual
ATR	ATR:=MA(MAX(MAX(HIGH-LOW,ABS(HIGH-REF(CLOSE,1))),ABS(LOW-REF(CLOSE,1))),N);
df['close'].shift(n)	REF(CLOSE,N)
df['high'].rolling(n).max()	HHV(HIGH,N)
df['low'].rolling(n).min()	LLV(LOW,N)
crossover(fast, slow)	CROSS(FAST,SLOW)
crossunder(fast, slow)	CROSS(SLOW,FAST)
df['volume']	VOL
abs(x)	ABS(X)
max(a,b)	MAX(A,B)
min(a,b)	MIN(A,B)
conditional	IF(COND,A,B)
df['close'].pct_change()	(CLOSE-REF(CLOSE,1))/REF(CLOSE,1)
count true in N bars	COUNT(COND,N)
sum over N bars	SUM(X,N)
std over N bars	STD(CLOSE,N)

Syntax Rules

1. Assignment: := for intermediate variables, : for output (plotted) lines
2. Comments: {comment} — curly braces, NOT //
3. No semicolons optional: each statement ends with ;
4. Colors: COLORRED, COLORGREEN, COLORYELLOW, COLORWHITE, COLORBLUE, COLORCYAN, COLORMAGENTA
5. Line styles: LINETHICK2, POINTDOT, STICK, VOLSTICK
6. Draw text: DRAWTEXT(COND, PRICE, 'TEXT'), COLOR;
7. Draw icon: DRAWICON(COND, PRICE, ICON_ID);
8. All function/variable names UPPERCASE
9. No loops / no arrays — everything is vectorized bar-by-bar
10. Max formula length: ~10,000 characters per formula

Platform Differences

Feature	通达信	同花顺	东方财富
MACD built-in	MACD(12,26,9)	MACD(12,26,9)	same
Stochastic	KDJ(N,M1,M2)	same	same
Custom color	COLOR+RRGGBB	COLOR+RRGGBB	limited
Strategy backtest	条件选股 only	条件选股 only	条件选股 only

For maximum compatibility, avoid platform-specific extensions. Stick to core functions.

---

3. MetaTrader 5 — MQL5

Template (Custom Indicator)

//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Generated by AStockPursue                                         |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
#property copyright "AStockPursue"
#property indicator_chart_window       // or indicator_separate_window
#property indicator_buffers 2
#property indicator_plots   2
#property indicator_color1  clrDodgerBlue
#property indicator_color2  clrRed

input int InpPeriod = 14;  // Period

double BuyBuffer[];
double SellBuffer[];

int OnInit()
{
   SetIndexBuffer(0, BuyBuffer, INDICATOR_DATA);
   SetIndexBuffer(1, SellBuffer, INDICATOR_DATA);
   PlotIndexSetInteger(0, PLOT_ARROW, 233);  // up arrow
   PlotIndexSetInteger(1, PLOT_ARROW, 234);  // down arrow
   PlotIndexSetInteger(0, PLOT_DRAW_TYPE, DRAW_ARROW);
   PlotIndexSetInteger(1, PLOT_DRAW_TYPE, DRAW_ARROW);
   return(INIT_SUCCEEDED);
}

int OnCalculate(const int rates_total,
                const int prev_calculated,
                const datetime &time[],
                const double &open[],
                const double &high[],
                const double &low[],
                const double &close[],
                const long &tick_volume[],
                const long &volume[],
                const int &spread[])
{
   int start = MathMax(prev_calculated - 1, InpPeriod);
   for(int i = start; i < rates_total; i++)
   {
      BuyBuffer[i]  = EMPTY_VALUE;
      SellBuffer[i] = EMPTY_VALUE;

      // === YOUR LOGIC HERE ===
      // Example: if(buyCondition) BuyBuffer[i] = low[i];
      //          if(sellCondition) SellBuffer[i] = high[i];
   }
   return(rates_total);
}

Python → MQL5 Mapping

Python	MQL5
df['close'].rolling(n).mean()	iMA(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, n, 0, MODE_SMA, PRICE_CLOSE) or manual loop
EMA	iMA(..., MODE_EMA, ...)
RSI	iRSI(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, n, PRICE_CLOSE)
MACD	iMACD(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, 12, 26, 9, PRICE_CLOSE)
Bollinger	iBands(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, n, 0, mult, PRICE_CLOSE)
ATR	iATR(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, n)
Stochastic	iStochastic(_Symbol, PERIOD_CURRENT, K, D, slowing, MODE_SMA, STO_LOWHIGH)
df['close'].shift(n)	close[i-n] (in OnCalculate loop)
crossover	buf[i] > ref[i] && buf[i-1] <= ref[i-1]

Syntax Rules

1. Indicator handles: call iMA() etc. in OnInit(), use CopyBuffer() to get values
2. Buffer direction: MQL5 buffers are indexed 0=oldest by default; use ArraySetAsSeries() to reverse
3. EMPTY_VALUE: use for "no signal" on arrow plots
4. Indicator vs EA: generate indicator (.mq5), not Expert Advisor, to match "indicator export" purpose
5. Handle-based API: MQL5 uses handles — create in OnInit, read in OnCalculate

---

Symbol Format Mapping

When generating code, map AStockPursue instrument codes appropriately:

AStockPursue	TradingView	通达信/同花顺	MT5
000001.SZ	SZSE:000001	000001	N/A
600519.SH	SSE:600519	600519	N/A
AAPL.US	NASDAQ:AAPL	N/A	AAPL
BTC-USDT	BINANCE:BTCUSDT	N/A	BTCUSD

Note: Most indicator code is instrument-agnostic — the user applies it to whatever chart they're viewing. Include a comment noting the original instrument for reference only.

Limitations & Transparency

When a Python strategy uses features that can't be directly translated, clearly note it:

Python Feature	Platform Limitation
ML models (sklearn, etc.)	None — flag as "manual implementation required"
Custom pandas operations	TDX — limited to built-in functions
Multi-timeframe logic	TDX — no native MTF; Pine/MQL5 — supported
Dynamic position sizing	TDX — indicator only, no position control
External data (API calls)	All — indicators run offline on chart data only

Always add a comment block at the top listing any features that could not be translated.

Quality Checklist

Before outputting:

• ALL 3 platform sections are included (Pine Script, TDX, MQL5)
• Each platform section has proper header with usage instructions
• Pine Script: //@version=6 is first line, no plot() in local scope, ternary on single lines
• TDX: all uppercase functions, := for intermediate, : for output, {comments}
• MQL5: proper handle-based API, EMPTY_VALUE for no-signal
• Entry/exit conditions match the Python signal logic semantically across ALL platforms
• Untranslatable features are clearly documented at the top of each section
• Comment header notes the original AStockPursue run_id and instrument