Complete Node.js 24.14 runtime toolkit covering core modules, async programming, HTTP servers, file system operations, streams, cryptography, process management, and ES modules. Use when building server-side JavaScript applications, CLI tools, microservices, or any Node.js project requiring built-in APIs for networking, I/O, encryption, and child processes.
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Complete Node.js 24.14 runtime toolkit covering core modules, async programming, HTTP servers, file system operations, streams, cryptography, process management, and ES modules. Use when building server-side JavaScript applications, CLI tools, microservices, or any Node.js project requiring built-in APIs for networking, I/O, encryption, and child processes.
Node.js 24.14
Overview
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 engine that enables server-side JavaScript execution. Version 24 (current as of mid-2025) provides a comprehensive standard library with 60+ built-in modules covering file I/O, networking, cryptography, process management, streams, testing, and more. It supports both CommonJS and ECMAScript module systems, native TypeScript, built-in test runner, fetch API, Web Streams, SQLite, and worker threads.
Key capabilities:
Event-driven, non-blocking I/O model
Single-threaded event loop with libuv for async operations
Building microservices with inter-process communication
Writing tests with the built-in test runner
Any Node.js project requiring deep understanding of core APIs
Core Concepts
Event Loop: Node.js uses a single-threaded event loop powered by libuv. Operations like file I/O, network requests, and timers are offloaded to system threads or the kernel, and callbacks fire when results are ready. Phases: timers → pending callbacks → idle/prepare → poll → check → close.
Promises (thenable chains, util.promisify for conversion)
Async/await (modern preferred style, built on Promises)
Streams: Node.js streams handle data piece-by-piece rather than loading everything into memory. Four types: Readable, Writable, Duplex, and Transform. Pipelining (source.pipe(dest)) chains streams together. Modern streams support async iteration (for await).
Modules: Two systems — CommonJS (require/module.exports) and ES Modules (import/export). Use "type": "module" in package.json or .mjs extension for ESM. Built-in modules use node: prefix (e.g., node:fs, node:http).
Global Objects: Available without import — process, console, Buffer, setTimeout, setInterval, clearTimeout, clearInterval, setImmediate, queueMicrotask, fetch, TextEncoder, TextDecoder.
Usage Examples
HTTP Server (ESM)
import http from'node:http';
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'text/plain' });
res.end('Hello World\n');
});
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('Server running on port 3000');
});
Streams and I/O: Readable/Writable/Duplex/Transform streams, piping, backpressure, async iteration, object mode, web streams interop, zlib compression streams, readline, string_decoder → Streams and I/O
Networking and HTTP: http/http2/https servers and clients, net TCP sockets, dgram UDP, tls TLS/SSL, dns resolution, URL parsing, fetch API, EventSource (SSE), headers, keep-alive, proxy support → Networking and HTTP
Testing and Debugging: Built-in test runner (node:test), describe/test/suite APIs, mocking, snapshots, coverage, reporters, watch mode, assert module, inspector protocol, console, diagnostics_channel, trace events, v8 heap snapshots → Testing and Debugging
Process and System APIs: process object, signals, environment variables, child_process (spawn/fork/exec/execFile), cluster for multi-process, worker_threads for parallelism, os information, tty, permissions, hrtime, memory usage, CPU profiling → Process and System APIs
Cryptography and Security: node:crypto (hashing, HMAC, cipher/decipher, sign/verify, key generation, Diffie-Hellman, ECDH, X.509), webcrypto (Web Crypto API), tls configuration, OpenSSL security levels, permission model → Cryptography and Security
Command-Line Options
Key node flags:
--version / -v — print Node.js version
--watch — restart on file changes (supports glob patterns)
--watch-path <dir> — watch specific directory
--experimental-strip-types — load and strip TypeScript types
--import <module> — pre-load ES module (like require hook)
--require <module> — pre-load CommonJS module
--experimental-test-module-mocks — enable test mocking
--experimental-vm-modules — VM with ES module support
--max-old-space-size=<mb> — set heap size limit
--trace-deprecation — show stack traces on deprecation warnings
