| name | design-sprint |
| description | Run a structured 5-day process to prototype, test, and validate product ideas with real users. Use when the user mentions "design sprint", "validate in a week", "rapid prototype", "test with users", or "de-risk before building". Covers mapping, sketching, deciding, prototyping, and testing. For ongoing experimentation, see lean-startup. For customer job analysis, see jobs-to-be-done. |
| license | MIT |
| metadata | {"author":"wondelai","version":"1.0.1"} |
Design Sprint Framework
A five-day process for answering critical business questions through design, prototyping, and testing ideas with customers. Developed at Google Ventures and used by Google, Slack, Airbnb, and hundreds of startups.
Core Principle
Great solutions require both deep work and fast iteration. The Design Sprint compresses months of debate, design, and testing into a single week, creating focus and urgency that eliminates endless discussion.
The foundation: Traditional product development wastes months building the wrong thing. Design Sprints de-risk product decisions by testing with real users before writing production code.
Scoring
Goal: 10/10. When planning or executing a Design Sprint, rate it 0-10 based on adherence to the principles below. A 10/10 means proper structure, time-boxing, prototyping, and user testing; lower scores indicate skipping steps or insufficient testing. Always provide the current score and specific improvements needed to reach 10/10.
The 5-Day Sprint Process
Monday → Tuesday → Wednesday → Thursday → Friday
Map Sketch Decide Prototype Test
Prerequisites:
- Big challenge: Important problem worth a week's focus
- Right team: Decision maker + 4-7 people with diverse expertise
- Time commitment: 5 full days (10am-5pm), no interruptions
- Space: Dedicated room with whiteboards
Sprint Master: One person facilitates, keeps time, manages energy.
Monday: Map
Goal: Understand the problem and choose a target for the week.
Morning: Start at the End
Exercise: Long-term goal
- Write the sprint question: "What do we want to be true in 2 years?"
- Example: "Customers use our product daily" or "We've captured 20% market share"
Exercise: Sprint questions
- List obstacles and unknowns as questions
- Example: "Will customers trust us with payment info?" or "Can first-time users figure out the interface?"
Format: Write on whiteboard, entire team contributes
Afternoon: Map the Challenge
Exercise: Map the customer journey
- List actors (different types of customers/users)
- Draw the journey from start to finish (left to right on whiteboard)
- Keep it simple: 5-15 steps max
- Example: "Hears about product → Visits site → Signs up → First use → Becomes regular user"
Exercise: Ask the Experts
- Interview team members with specialized knowledge
- CEO, designer, engineer, customer support, sales
- Take detailed notes on whiteboard
- Capture "How Might We" notes (HMW)
Exercise: How Might We (HMW) notes
- Rephrase problems as opportunities
- "Customers don't understand pricing" → HMW make pricing immediately clear?
- Write each HMW on a sticky note
- Vote on best HMWs, organize on map
End of Day: Pick a Target
Exercise: Choose the target
- Which part of the map (customer journey) will you focus on?
- Where's the biggest risk or opportunity?
- Example: "We'll focus on the first 10 minutes after signup"
Decider: The person with authority makes the final call.
Monday output:
- Long-term goal
- Sprint questions
- Customer journey map
- Expert insights
- HMW notes organized
- Target customer and moment
See: references/monday.md for detailed Monday exercises and facilitation.
Tuesday: Sketch
Goal: Generate solutions. Each person sketches a detailed solution.
Morning: Lightning Demos
Exercise: Find inspiration
- Look at competitors and analogous products
- 3-minute demos: "Here's what I found, here's why it's interesting"
- Capture good ideas on whiteboard
- Don't limit to your industry—borrow from anywhere
Exercise: Divide or swarm
- Divide: If map has multiple parts, different people tackle different sections
- Swarm: If one critical problem, everyone tackles the same thing
- Most sprints = swarm
Afternoon: The Four-Step Sketch
Goal: Everyone individually sketches a detailed solution (not as a group!)
Step 1: Notes (20 minutes)
- Walk around room, review map, HMWs, inspiration
- Take notes silently
Step 2: Ideas (20 minutes)
- Rough doodles, mind maps, stick figures
- Quantity over quality
- Still working alone
Step 3: Crazy 8s (8 minutes)
- Fold paper into 8 sections
- Sketch 8 variations in 8 minutes (1 minute each)
- Forces you past first idea
- Can be 8 variations on one idea or 8 different ideas
Step 4: Solution Sketch (30-90 minutes)
- 3-panel storyboard showing customer experience
- Step 1 → Step 2 → Step 3 (beginning, middle, end)
- Make it self-explanatory (someone should understand without you explaining)
- Use text, arrows, simple drawings
- Give it a catchy title
- Anonymous: Don't put your name on it
Critical: No group brainstorming. Individual work produces better, more diverse ideas.
Tuesday output:
- Each person has a detailed solution sketch
- Sketches are anonymous and self-explanatory
See: references/tuesday.md for sketching templates and examples.
Wednesday: Decide
Goal: Critique solutions and choose the best one to prototype and test.
Morning: Sticky Decision
Exercise: Art museum
- Tape solution sketches to wall
- Give everyone dot stickers
- Silently review sketches (no talking!)
- Put dots next to interesting parts
Exercise: Heat map review
- Discuss each sketch for 3 minutes
- Facilitator narrates: "Here they see X, then click Y..."
- Sketcher stays silent (don't reveal yourself yet)
- Team calls out interesting parts
- Scribe captures standout ideas on whiteboard
Exercise: Straw poll
- Each person votes for one solution (put one large dot)
- Explain your vote in 1 sentence
- This is non-binding, just to see preferences
Decider: Person with authority gets three large dots (supervote). Their decision wins.
Afternoon: Rumble or All-in-One
If multiple winners:
- Rumble: Competing prototypes (test different approaches)
- All-in-One: Combine best ideas into one prototype
Most sprints: All-in-one (simpler to prototype and test)
Exercise: Storyboard
- Draw 10-15 panel storyboard (comic book style)
- Each panel = one screen or step
- Opening scene: How customer discovers you
- Middle: Your solution in action
- Ending: Successful outcome
- Include just enough detail for Friday's prototype
Storyboard rules:
- Keep it simple
- Use stick figures
- Words and arrows okay
- Get specific about UI
- 10-15 panels max
Wednesday output:
- Winning solution(s) chosen
- Detailed storyboard ready to prototype
See: references/wednesday.md for decision exercises and storyboard templates.
Thursday: Prototype
Goal: Build a realistic facade. You need something to test on Friday.
Prototype mindset:
- Fake it
- Prototype only what you'll test
- Goldilocks quality: not too high, not too low (realistic enough to get honest reactions)
- One day only
Prototype fidelity:
- Too low: Sketches, wireframes (customers can't react realistically)
- Too high: Working code, pixel-perfect design (wastes time)
- Just right: Looks real, doesn't work real (facades, click-through, video)
Assign Roles
Makers (2+ people):
- Designer, writer, asset collector (images, icons)
- Build the prototype
Stitcher (1 person):
- Combines pieces into final prototype
- Usually in Keynote, Figma, or prototyping tool
Writer (1 person):
- Writes all copy
- Headlines, button labels, descriptions
Collector (1-2 people):
- Gathers assets (photos, icons, competitor screenshots)
- Provides raw materials
Interviewer (1 person):
- Writes interview script for Friday
- Practices interviewing
Sprint Master:
- Helps where needed
- Keeps energy up
Build the Prototype
Tools:
- Web/App: Figma, Keynote, PowerPoint (linked slides)
- Physical Product: Video walkthrough, 3D-printed mockup
- Service: Role-play video, scripted interaction
Thursday morning:
- Divide storyboard into scenes
- Assign scenes to makers
- Start building
Thursday afternoon:
- Stitch together
- Review as team (does it match storyboard?)
- Rehearse for Friday (run through entire flow)
- Trial run (test with someone not on sprint team)
Prototype checklist:
Thursday output:
- Realistic prototype ready to test
- Interview script written
- Interview room prepared
See: references/thursday.md for prototyping tools and techniques.
Friday: Test
Goal: Interview 5 customers, learn what works and what doesn't.
Setup
Interview room:
- Quiet space with table, 2 chairs
- Laptop with prototype
- Camera recording screen and customer face
Observation room:
- Separate room with live video feed
- Team watches together
- Whiteboard for notes
Roles:
- Interviewer: Conducts all 5 interviews
- Team: Watches, takes notes
The Five-Act Interview
Act 1: Friendly Welcome (5 min)
- Greet warmly
- Explain you're testing prototype, not them
- Ask permission to record
- Encourage thinking aloud
Act 2: Context Questions (5 min)
- Ask about their background
- Example: "Tell me about how you currently handle [problem]"
- Goal: Understand their mindset and current behavior
Act 3: Introduce the Prototype (5 min)
- Show landing page or entry point
- "What's this? What do you think it's for?"
- Don't explain—let them interpret
- Note: Do they get it?
Act 4: Tasks and Nudges (15 min)
- Give open-ended task: "Go ahead and explore"
- Follow with specific tasks from storyboard: "Try to [complete action]"
- Use nudges when stuck: "What would you do next?" or "What's going through your mind?"
- Don't help—watch them struggle
- Encourage thinking aloud
Act 5: Debrief (5 min)
- "What did you think overall?"
- "Who is this for?"
- "What worked? What was confusing?"
- Ask about specific parts you're uncertain about
Interview length: ~30 minutes per customer
Between interviews:
- 30-minute break
- Team discusses observations
- Update questions if needed
Five Is the Magic Number
Why 5 customers?
- Patterns emerge after 3-5 people
- Diminishing returns after 5
- Doable in one day (5 × 1 hour = 5 hours with breaks)
Who to recruit:
- Target customers (match your personas)
- Screener survey to qualify
- Incentive ($100-$200 for B2B, $50-$100 for B2C)
- Schedule 6 (expect 1 no-show)
Take Notes: Pattern Recognition
While watching interviews, team captures:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 | Column 4 | Column 5 |
|---|
| Customer 1 notes | Customer 2 notes | Customer 3 notes | Customer 4 notes | Customer 5 notes |
Mark with ✓, ✗, or ~:
- ✓ Positive reaction, success
- ✗ Negative reaction, failure
- ~ Neutral or mixed
After all 5 interviews:
- Look for patterns (did all 5 struggle with the same thing?)
- Count ✓ ✗ ~ per row
- Identify what worked and what failed
End-of-Sprint Debrief
Organize findings:
✓ What worked:
- Features/flows that all customers understood
- Messaging that resonated
- Design that felt intuitive
✗ What failed:
- Confusing terminology
- Missing steps
- Wrong assumptions
~ Mixed results:
- Some got it, some didn't
- Unclear if it matters
Next steps:
- If core concept validated: Build it (or next sprint on details)
- If major issues: Pivot or next sprint to solve problems
- If totally failed: Back to drawing board (but you saved months!)
Friday output:
- Interview videos
- Pattern notes
- Clear list of what works, what doesn't
- Decision on next steps
See: references/friday.md for interview scripts and note-taking templates.
When to Run a Design Sprint
Run a sprint when:
- High-stakes decision
- Not enough time to build and test normally
- Team is stuck in endless debate
- Multiple solutions possible
- New product, feature, or major redesign
- Need to de-risk before investing
Don't run a sprint when:
- Problem is clear and solution is obvious
- You just need to execute
- Team isn't bought in
- Can't get decision maker for full week
Variations
4-Day Sprint:
- Day 1: Map + Sketch (compressed)
- Day 2: Decide
- Day 3: Prototype
- Day 4: Test
Remote Sprint:
- Use Miro/FigJam for whiteboarding
- Zoom for meetings
- Same schedule, digital tools
Multi-Sprint:
- Sprint 1: Broad problem, choose direction
- Sprint 2: Deep dive on chosen solution
- Sprint 3: Refine details
Common Mistakes
| Mistake | Why It Fails | Fix |
|---|
| Skip prototyping | Nothing to test | Always prototype, even if simple |
| Over-engineer prototype | Waste time on details that don't matter | Facade only, not working code |
| Test with wrong users | Invalid feedback | Screen for target customers |
| Explain prototype to users | Defeats the test | Let them struggle, observe confusion |
| No decision maker | Can't commit to decision | Get Decider for full week or don't sprint |
| Interruptions | Breaks focus | Protect the week, no meetings/emails |
Quick Diagnostic
Audit any sprint plan:
| Question | If No | Action |
|---|
| Do we have a Decider for full week? | Sprint will fail | Get commitment or postpone |
| Is the problem important enough? | Waste of time | Only sprint on big challenges |
| Can we prototype in 1 day? | Wrong problem for sprint | Choose more concrete problem |
| Can we recruit 5 target users? | Can't test properly | Start recruiting now (2 weeks ahead) |
| Will team commit to no interruptions? | Won't maintain focus | Get buy-in from leadership |
Reference Files
- monday.md: Map exercises, HMW notes, target selection
- tuesday.md: Sketching templates, Crazy 8s, solution sketches
- wednesday.md: Decision exercises, storyboard templates
- thursday.md: Prototyping tools, techniques, checklists
- friday.md: Interview scripts, note-taking, pattern analysis
- facilitation.md: Sprint Master guide, time-boxing, energy management
- recruiting.md: User recruitment, screener surveys, scheduling
- case-studies.md: Slack, Blue Bottle Coffee, Savioke, and more
- remote-sprints.md: Adapting sprint for distributed teams
Further Reading
This skill is based on the Design Sprint process developed at Google Ventures. For the complete methodology, exercises, and case studies:
About the Author
Jake Knapp created the Design Sprint process while at Google, where he ran sprints on products like Gmail, Chrome, and Google X. As a design partner at Google Ventures (now GV), he refined the process by running over 100 sprints with startups in the GV portfolio. The Design Sprint is now used by teams at Google, Slack, Airbnb, LEGO, and thousands of companies worldwide. Jake is also the author of Make Time, a framework for focus and energy.
