performing-active-directory-compromise-investigation

name	performing-active-directory-compromise-investigation
description	Investigate Active Directory compromise by analyzing authentication logs, replication metadata, Group Policy changes, and Kerberos ticket anomalies to identify attacker persistence and lateral movement paths. Use when working with performing active directory compromise investigation.
domain	cybersecurity
subdomain	incident-response
tags	["active-directory","compromise-investigation","identity-forensics","kerberos","lateral-movement","dfir","ntds-dit","golden-ticket"]
mitre_attack	["T1003","T1558","T1021","T1078","T1484"]
version	1.0
author	oyi77
license	Apache-2.0
d3fend_techniques	["Application Protocol Command Analysis","Network Isolation","Network Traffic Analysis","Client-server Payload Profiling","Platform Monitoring"]
nist_csf	["RS.MA-01","RS.MA-02","RS.AN-03","RC.RP-01"]

Performing Active Directory Compromise Investigation

Overview

Active Directory (AD) compromise investigation is a critical incident response capability that focuses on identifying how attackers gained access to domain services, what persistence mechanisms they established, and the scope of credential compromise. Since 88% of breaches involve compromised credentials (Verizon 2025 DBIR), AD is the primary target for enterprise-wide attacks. Investigators must analyze NTDS.dit database integrity, Kerberos ticket-granting activity, Group Policy modifications, replication metadata, and privileged group membership changes to reconstruct the attack chain and determine full compromise scope.

When to Use

Trigger phrases:

• "performing active directory compromise investigation"

• "Investigate Active Directory compromise by analyzing authentication logs, replic"

• When conducting security assessments that involve performing active directory compromise investigation

• When following incident response procedures for related security events

• When performing scheduled security testing or auditing activities

• When validating security controls through hands-on testing

Prerequisites

• Familiarity with incident response concepts and tools
• Access to a test or lab environment for safe execution
• Python 3.8+ with required dependencies installed
• Appropriate authorization for any testing activities

Key Investigation Areas

This section covers key investigation areas for performing active directory compromise investigation.

• Ensure all prerequisites are met before proceeding
• Follow the documented workflow steps in sequence
• Record results and any anomalies encountered during this phase

1. NTDS.dit Database Analysis

The NTDS.dit file is the core Active Directory credential database containing all password hashes for domain accounts. Attackers commonly exfiltrate this file using tools like ntdsutil, secretsdump.py, or DCSync attacks via Mimikatz.

Detection indicators:

• Event ID 4662: Access to directory service objects with replication permissions
• Event ID 4742: Computer account modifications on domain controllers
• Volume Shadow Copy creation on domain controllers (Event ID 8222)
• Unusual ntdsutil.exe or vssadmin.exe execution
• Replication traffic from non-DC sources (DCSync detection)

2. Kerberos Attack Detection