prior-art-search

name	prior-art-search
description	Systematic 7-step methodology for comprehensive patent prior art searches and patentability assessments using BigQuery and CPC classification
tools	Bash, Read, Write
model	sonnet

Prior Art Search Skill

Systematic 7-step methodology for comprehensive patent prior art searches and patentability assessments.

When to Use

Invoke this skill when users ask to:

• Conduct prior art search for an invention
• Assess patentability of an idea
• Perform freedom-to-operate analysis
• Find blocking patents
• Research patent landscapes
• Prepare for patent filing

What This Skill Does

Implements a professional 7-step prior art search methodology combining:

• Keyword searches across 100M+ patents (BigQuery)
• CPC classification searches
• USPTO API searches
• Timeline analysis
• Patentability assessment
• IDS (Information Disclosure Statement) preparation

The 7-Step Methodology

Step 1: Invention Definition (2-3 min)

Goal: Extract key features and define innovation scope

Process:

1. Interview user about invention
2. Extract core technical elements
3. Identify novel features
4. List all components/steps
5. Define search scope

Output: Structured invention summary with key features

Questions to Ask:

• What problem does this solve?
• What are the key components/steps?
• What makes this different from existing solutions?
• What is the core innovation?

---

Step 2: Keyword Strategy (2-3 min)

Goal: Develop comprehensive search keyword list

Process:

1. Primary keywords from invention
2. Synonyms and variations
3. Technical terminology
4. Industry-specific terms
5. Synonym sets to run as separate searches

Query syntax (important): the keyword search splits a query into terms and requires every term to appear (AND), each matching the title, abstract, or claims (results are ranked by relevance, title hits weighted highest). It does not parse Boolean operators — AND/OR/parentheses are ignored. So:

• Use plain space-separated terms for the AND set: blockchain authentication.
• Wrap a phrase in double quotes to require it verbatim: "distributed ledger".
• For OR / synonyms, run separate searches and merge the results — don't put OR in one query.

Output: Keyword search strategy document

Example:

Primary: blockchain authentication
Synonyms: distributed ledger verification, cryptographic authentication
Technical: public key infrastructure, digital signature
Related: decentralized identity, trustless verification
Searches (run each separately, then merge/dedupe):
- blockchain authentication
- "distributed ledger" verification
- cryptographic authentication
- "public key infrastructure" signature

---

Step 3: Broad Keyword Search (3-5 min)

Goal: Cast wide net to find relevant patents

Process:

1. Run keyword searches on BigQuery
2. Review top 20-30 results per query
3. Identify most relevant patents
4. Refine keyword strategy based on results
5. Document relevant patents found

Code:

from mcp_server.bigquery_search import BigQueryPatentSearch
searcher = BigQueryPatentSearch()

results = searcher.search_by_keywords(
    query="blockchain authentication",  # terms AND-matched, ranked by relevance
    limit=30,
    country="US",
    start_year=2015,  # filing year; look back 5-10 years
)

Output: List of 10-20 potentially relevant patents

---

Step 4: CPC Code Identification (2-3 min)

Goal: Find relevant classification codes

Process:

1. Extract CPC codes from relevant patents found in Step 3
2. Analyze CPC code descriptions
3. Identify primary classification areas
4. Select 3-5 most relevant CPC codes
5. Note CPC hierarchies

Common CPC Categories:

• G06F: Computing/data processing
• H04L: Digital communication/networks
• G06Q: Business methods
• H04W: Wireless communication
• G06N: AI/neural networks
• G06T: Image processing

Output: List of relevant CPC codes with descriptions

---

Step 5: Deep CPC Search (5-10 min)

Goal: Comprehensive search within classifications

Process:

1. Search each CPC code identified
2. Review 50-100 patents per CPC code
3. Read abstracts and claims of top matches
4. Document closest prior art
5. Note key differences from invention

Code:

results = searcher.search_by_cpc(
    cpc_code="G06F21/",  # Security arrangements
    limit=100,
    country="US"
)

Output: Comprehensive list of potentially blocking patents

---

Step 6: Timeline Analysis (2-3 min)

Goal: Understand technology evolution

Process:

1. Filter results by date ranges
2. Identify filing trends over time
3. Find recent developments (last 2 years)
4. Check priority dates
5. Note technology progression

Code:

# Search by year ranges
recent = searcher.search_patents(query, start_year=2022, end_year=2024)
older = searcher.search_patents(query, start_year=2015, end_year=2021)

Output: Timeline showing technology development

---

Step 7: Patentability Report (5-10 min)

Goal: Professional assessment and recommendations

Process:

1. Analyze top 10 closest prior art
2. Assess novelty (35 USC 102)
3. Assess non-obviousness (35 USC 103)
4. Rank prior art by relevance
5. Provide claim strategy recommendations
6. Generate IDS list

Output: Comprehensive patentability report

---

Report Format

# PRIOR ART SEARCH REPORT

## Executive Summary
- Invention: [Brief description]
- Search Date: [Date]
- Searcher: Claude Patent Creator
- Databases: BigQuery (100M+ patents), USPTO API
- Time Period: [Year range]

## Patentability Assessment

### Novelty (35 USC 102)
[Assessment of whether invention is novel]

Score: [High/Medium/Low]

Analysis:
- No exact matches found
- Closest prior art: US10123456
- Key differences: [List]

### Non-Obviousness (35 USC 103)
[Assessment of whether invention is non-obvious]

Score: [High/Medium/Low]

Analysis:
- Combinations considered: [List]
- Motivation to combine: [Analysis]
- Unexpected results: [If any]

## Top 10 Most Relevant Prior Art

### 1. US10123456B2 - [Title] (95% Relevance)
**Assignee**: Example Corp
**Filed**: 2018-03-15
**Granted**: 2019-09-30
**CPC**: G06F21/31, H04L29/06

**Summary**: [Brief abstract]

**Similarities**:
- Uses blockchain for authentication
- Employs public key cryptography
- Distributed verification

**Differences**:
- Does not use [novel feature 1]
- Lacks [novel feature 2]
- Different approach to [aspect]

**Relevance**: High - core technology overlap

---

[Continue for top 10 patents...]

## Search Methodology

### Keywords Used
- Primary: blockchain, authentication, distributed ledger
- Synonyms: cryptographic verification, decentralized identity
- Technical: public key infrastructure, digital signature

### CPC Codes Searched
- G06F21/31 (Authentication)
- H04L29/06 (Security arrangements)
- G06Q20/40 (Payment authentication)

### Databases
- Google BigQuery: 247 results reviewed
- USPTO API: 89 results reviewed
- Total patents analyzed: 336
- Relevant patents identified: 47
- Top prior art selected: 10

## Claim Strategy Recommendations

### Recommended Approach
1. **Focus on novel aspects**: [Specific features]
2. **Claim breadth**: Start broad, add dependent claims
3. **Avoid prior art**: Distinguish from US10123456 by [...]

### Suggested Independent Claim Language

A system for [invention], comprising: [novel element 1]; [novel element 2]; wherein [novel relationship/function]

### Dependent Claim Opportunities
- Specific implementations of [feature]
- Combinations with [technology]
- Variations in [parameter/configuration]

## IDS (Information Disclosure Statement) List

Patents to be disclosed to USPTO:

1. US10123456B2 - [Title]
2. US10234567A1 - [Title]
3. US10345678B1 - [Title]
4. US10456789A1 - [Title]
5. US10567890B2 - [Title]
6. EP3123456A1 - [Title]
7. WO2019/123456 - [Title]
8. US2020/0123456A1 - [Title]
9. US10678901B2 - [Title]
10. US10789012A1 - [Title]

## Conclusion

**Patentability**: [High/Medium/Low]

**Rationale**:
[Summary of why invention is or is not patentable]

**Recommended Next Steps**:
1. [Action item 1]
2. [Action item 2]
3. [Action item 3]

Integration Points

This skill integrates with:

• BigQuery Patent Search skill (Step 3, 5, 6)
• MPEP Search skill (For legal guidance)
• Patent Claims Analyzer (For claim drafting)

Required Data Access

• Google Cloud BigQuery (100M+ patents)
• USPTO API (optional, for additional coverage)
• Internet access for patent retrieval

Estimated Time

• Quick Search (Steps 1-3): 10-15 minutes
• Thorough Search (Steps 1-6): 25-35 minutes
• Complete Report (All 7 steps): 40-60 minutes

Tools Available

• Bash: To run Python searches
• Write: To save report and findings
• Read: To load invention descriptions
• Grep: To search through results