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CBSE Grade 10 Geography — Contemporary India II. Covers Resources, Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Map Work. Activate for geography concepts, map skills, and board exam preparation.
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| name | geography |
| description | CBSE Grade 10 Geography — Contemporary India II. Covers Resources, Agriculture, Manufacturing, and Map Work. Activate for geography concepts, map skills, and board exam preparation. |
Book: Contemporary India – II
| Chapter | Topic | Marks (out of 20) |
|---|---|---|
| Ch 1 | Resources and Development | ~3-4 |
| Ch 2 | Forest and Wildlife Resources | ~2-3 |
| Ch 3 | Water Resources | ~2-3 |
| Ch 4 | Agriculture | ~3-4 |
| Ch 5 | Minerals and Energy Resources | ~2-3 |
| Ch 6 | Manufacturing Industries | ~3-4 |
| Ch 7 | Lifelines of National Economy | ~3-4 |
| Total | 7 Chapters | 20 |
Map work from Geography: 2-3 marks (locations of dams, industries, minerals, ports, airports)
| Soil Type | Region | Features | Crops |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alluvial | Northern Plains, River deltas | Fertile, rich in potash | Rice, wheat, sugarcane |
| Black (Regur) | DECBan Plateau (Maharashtra, MP, Gujarat) | Moisture retentive, rich in iron, lime | Cotton |
| Red & Yellow | Eastern DECBan, Odisha, Chhattisgarh | Iron oxide gives red colour | Groundnut, millets |
| Laterite | Western Ghats, NE hills | Result of leaching, poor fertility | Tea, coffee, cashew |
| Arid/Desert | Rajasthan, Gujarat | Sandy, low moisture, high salt | Only with irrigation |
| Forest/Mountain | Hilly areas | Rich humus, acidic | Tea, spices, fruits |
India has:
- 14 Biosphere Reserves (4 in World Network: Nilgiri, Nanda Devi, Sundarbans, Gulf of Mannar)
- 104 National Parks
- 566 Wildlife Sanctuaries
- ~47,000 plant species, ~96,000 animal species
| Dam | River | State |
|---|---|---|
| Bhakra Nangal | Sutlej | Punjab-Himachal border |
| Tehri | Bhagirathi | Uttarakhand |
| Rihand | Rihand (Son tributary) | Uttar Pradesh |
| Hirakud | Mahanadi | Odisha |
| Nagarjuna Sagar | Krishna | Andhra Pradesh-Telangana |
| Tungabhadra | Tungabhadra | Karnataka |
| Sardar Sarovar | Narmada | Gujarat |
| Mettur | Kaveri | Tamil Nadu |
| Season | Duration | Crops |
|---|---|---|
| Kharif | June-September (monsoon) | Rice, jowar, bajra, cotton, jute, groundnut |
| Rabi | October-March (winter) | Wheat, barley, mustard, gram, peas |
| Zaid | March-June (summer) | Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables |
| Crop | Conditions | Major States |
|---|---|---|
| Rice | Hot, humid, >100cm rainfall | WB, Punjab, TN, AP, UP |
| Wheat | Cool growing season, 50-75cm rain | Punjab, Haryana, UP, MP, Rajasthan |
| Sugarcane | Hot, humid, 75-100cm rain | UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, TN |
| Cotton | 210 frost-free days, light soil | Maharashtra, Gujarat, MP, Karnataka |
| Jute | High temperature, heavy rainfall, alluvial soil | WB, Bihar, Assam |
| Tea | Cool climate, well-drained slopes, frequent showers | Assam, WB (Darjeeling), TN, Kerala |
| Coffee | Hot, humid, shade, well-drained slope | Karnataka (Baba Budan Hills), Kerala, TN |
| Rubber | Hot, humid, >200cm rainfall | Kerala, TN, Karnataka |
| Mineral | Major Locations |
|---|---|
| Iron ore | Jharkhand (Singhbhum), Odisha (Mayurbhanj), Chhattisgarh (Durg-Bastar), Karnataka (Bellary) |
| Manganese | Odisha (largest producer), Maharashtra, MP, Karnataka |
| Mica | Jharkhand (Koderma-Gaya belt), Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh |
| Bauxite | Odisha (Koraput), Jharkhand, Gujarat, MP |
| Copper | Rajasthan (Khetri), Jharkhand (Singhbhum), MP |
| Limestone | Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, AP, Gujarat |
| Energy | Locations |
|---|---|
| Coal | Jharkhand (Jharia, Bokaro), WB (Raniganj), Odisha, Chhattisgarh, MP |
| Petroleum | Mumbai High (offshore), Gujarat (Ankleshwar), Assam (Digboi) |
| Nuclear | Rawatbhata (Rajasthan), Tarapur (Maharashtra), Kalpakkam (TN), Narora (UP), Kakrapara (Gujarat), Kaiga (Karnataka) |
| Industry | Raw Material | Major Centres |
|---|---|---|
| Iron & Steel | Iron ore, coal, limestone | Jamshedpur, Durgapur, Bhilai, Rourkela, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam, Salem |
| Cotton Textiles | Cotton | Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore, Kanpur, Chennai |
| Jute | Jute | Kolkata (mostly WB), Bihar |
| Sugar | Sugarcane | UP (largest), Maharashtra, Karnataka |
| Cement | Limestone | Rajasthan, TN, AP, Gujarat |
| IT Industry | Skilled labor | Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, NCR |
DAMS: Bhakra Nangal, Tehri, Hirakud, Nagarjuna Sagar, Tungabhadra, Sardar Sarovar, Mettur
IRON ORE: Singhbhum, Mayurbhanj, Bastar-Durg, Bellary
COAL: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj
PETROLEUM: Mumbai High, Ankleshwar, Digboi
NUCLEAR: Rawatbhata, Tarapur, Kalpakkam, Narora, Kakrapara, Kaiga
STEEL PLANTS: Jamshedpur, Durgapur, Bhilai, Rourkela, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam, Salem
COTTON TEXTILE: Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Coimbatore
SOFTWARE HUBS: Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune
PORTS: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, New Mangalore, Kochi, Tuticorin, Chennai, Vizag, Paradip, Haldia, Kolkata
AIRPORTS: Major airports in metros