| name | hybrid-cloud-networking |
| description | Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud platforms using VPN and dedicated connections. Use when building hybrid cloud architectures, connecting data centers to cloud, or implementing secure cross-premises networking. |
| metadata | {"scope":"infrastructure","version":"1.0.0"} |
Hybrid Cloud Networking
Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises and cloud environments using VPN, Direct Connect, and ExpressRoute.
Purpose
Establish secure, reliable network connectivity between on-premises data centers and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP).
When to Use
- Connect on-premises to cloud
- Extend datacenter to cloud
- Implement hybrid active-active setups
- Meet compliance requirements
- Migrate to cloud gradually
Connection Options
AWS Connectivity
1. Site-to-Site VPN
- IPSec VPN over internet
- Up to 1.25 Gbps per tunnel
- Cost-effective for moderate bandwidth
- Higher latency, internet-dependent
resource "aws_vpn_gateway" "main" {
vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
tags = {
Name = "main-vpn-gateway"
}
}
resource "aws_customer_gateway" "main" {
bgp_asn = 65000
ip_address = "203.0.113.1"
type = "ipsec.1"
}
resource "aws_vpn_connection" "main" {
vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.main.id
type = "ipsec.1"
static_routes_only = false
}
2. AWS Direct Connect
- Dedicated network connection
- 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps
- Lower latency, consistent bandwidth
- More expensive, setup time required
Azure Connectivity
1. Site-to-Site VPN
resource "azurerm_virtual_network_gateway" "vpn" {
name = "vpn-gateway"
location = azurerm_resource_group.main.location
resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.main.name
type = "Vpn"
vpn_type = "RouteBased"
sku = "VpnGw1"
ip_configuration {
name = "vnetGatewayConfig"
public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.vpn.id
private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.gateway.id
}
}
2. Azure ExpressRoute
- Private connection via connectivity provider
- Up to 100 Gbps
- Low latency, high reliability
- Premium for global connectivity
GCP Connectivity
1. Cloud VPN
- IPSec VPN (Classic or HA VPN)
- HA VPN: 99.99% SLA
- Up to 3 Gbps per tunnel
2. Cloud Interconnect
- Dedicated (10 Gbps, 100 Gbps)
- Partner (50 Mbps to 50 Gbps)
- Lower latency than VPN
Hybrid Network Patterns
Pattern 1: Hub-and-Spoke
On-Premises Datacenter
↓
VPN/Direct Connect
↓
Transit Gateway (AWS) / vWAN (Azure)
↓
├─ Production VPC/VNet
├─ Staging VPC/VNet
└─ Development VPC/VNet
Pattern 2: Multi-Region Hybrid
On-Premises
├─ Direct Connect → us-east-1
└─ Direct Connect → us-west-2
↓
Cross-Region Peering
Pattern 3: Multi-Cloud Hybrid
On-Premises Datacenter
├─ Direct Connect → AWS
├─ ExpressRoute → Azure
└─ Interconnect → GCP
Routing Configuration
BGP Configuration
On-Premises Router:
- AS Number: 65000
- Advertise: 10.0.0.0/8
Cloud Router:
- AS Number: 64512 (AWS), 65515 (Azure)
- Advertise: Cloud VPC/VNet CIDRs
Route Propagation
- Enable route propagation on route tables
- Use BGP for dynamic routing
- Implement route filtering
- Monitor route advertisements
Security Best Practices
- Use private connectivity (Direct Connect/ExpressRoute)
- Implement encryption for VPN tunnels
- Use VPC endpoints to avoid internet routing
- Configure network ACLs and security groups
- Enable VPC Flow Logs for monitoring
- Implement DDoS protection
- Use PrivateLink/Private Endpoints
- Monitor connections with CloudWatch/Monitor
- Implement redundancy (dual tunnels)
- Regular security audits
High Availability
Dual VPN Tunnels
resource "aws_vpn_connection" "primary" {
vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.primary.id
type = "ipsec.1"
}
resource "aws_vpn_connection" "secondary" {
vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.secondary.id
type = "ipsec.1"
}
Active-Active Configuration
- Multiple connections from different locations
- BGP for automatic failover
- Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing
- Monitor health of all connections
Monitoring and Troubleshooting
Key Metrics
- Tunnel status (up/down)
- Bytes in/out
- Packet loss
- Latency
- BGP session status
Troubleshooting
aws ec2 describe-vpn-connections
aws ec2 get-vpn-connection-telemetry
az network vpn-connection show
az network vpn-connection show-device-config-script
Cost Optimization
- Right-size connections based on traffic
- Use VPN for low-bandwidth workloads
- Consolidate traffic through fewer connections
- Minimize data transfer costs
- Use Direct Connect for high bandwidth
- Implement caching to reduce traffic
Related Skills
multi-cloud-architecture - For architecture decisionsterraform-module-library - For IaC implementation
