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Establish SAML 2.0 identity federation between on-premises Active Directory and Azure AD (Microsoft Entra ID) for seamless cross-domain authentication and SSO to cloud applications.
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SOC 職業分類に基づく
SKILL.md を表示中
| name | building-identity-federation-with-saml-azure-ad |
| description | Establish SAML 2.0 identity federation between on-premises Active Directory and Azure AD (Microsoft Entra ID) for seamless cross-domain authentication and SSO to cloud applications. |
| domain | cybersecurity |
| subdomain | identity-access-management |
| tags | ["saml","azure-ad","entra-id","federation","identity","sso","adfs","hybrid-identity"] |
| version | 1.0 |
| author | mahipal |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| nist_csf | ["PR.AA-01","PR.AA-02","PR.AA-05","PR.AA-06"] |
Identity federation enables users authenticated by one identity provider to access resources managed by another without maintaining separate credentials. This skill covers establishing SAML 2.0 federation between an organization's on-premises Active Directory (via AD FS or third-party IdP) and Microsoft Entra ID (formerly Azure AD), as well as configuring federated SSO for third-party SaaS applications. Federation eliminates password synchronization concerns and keeps authentication authority on-premises while extending SSO to cloud resources.
<saml:Assertion>, enabling signature stripping. Verify the IdP signs the assertion (not just the <Response>) and the SP rejects SignatureMethod=rsa-sha1 and unsigned assertions. Test by replaying a captured assertion with the <ds:Signature> removed — it must fail.Set-AdfsCertificate and event 307/510, and rotate after any DC/AD FS compromise.<AudienceRestriction> or Recipient, so a token issued for app A is replayed at app B. Verify each SP pins its own EntityID as the required audience.NotOnOrAfter: persistent NameID plus missing NotOnOrAfter/NotBefore checks allow indefinite replay. Confirm short assertion lifetimes and that InResponseTo is bound to a real AuthnRequest.Get-MgDomainFederationConfiguration -DomainId corp.example.com and confirm signingCertificate, issuerUri, and preferredAuthenticationProtocol=saml match AD FS; decode an assertion with SAML-tracer and confirm signed assertion, correct Audience, and a fresh .NotOnOrAfter| Model | Authentication Authority | Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Federated (AD FS) | On-premises AD FS | Regulatory requirement to keep auth on-prem |
| Managed (PHS) | Azure AD with password hash sync | Simplest cloud auth, AD FS not needed |
| Managed (PTA) | On-premises via pass-through agent | Cloud auth validated against on-prem AD |
| Third-Party Federation | External IdP (Okta, Ping) | Multi-IdP environment |
User → Cloud App (SP)
│
└── Redirect to Azure AD
│
├── Azure AD checks federated domain
│
└── Redirect to on-premises AD FS
│
├── AD FS authenticates against Active Directory
│
├── AD FS issues SAML token
│
└── Token posted back to Azure AD
│
├── Azure AD validates federation trust
│
├── Azure AD issues its own token
│
└── User receives access token for cloud app
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Token-Signing Certificate | X.509 certificate used by IdP to sign SAML assertions |
| Federation Metadata | XML document describing IdP endpoints and capabilities |
| Relying Party Trust | Configuration in AD FS for each SP (Azure AD) |
| Claims Rules | Transform AD attributes into SAML claims |
| Issuer URI | Unique identifier for the IdP (entity ID) |
# Install AD FS role
Install-WindowsFeature ADFS-Federation -IncludeManagementTools
# Configure AD FS farm
Install-AdfsFarm `
-CertificateThumbprint $certThumbprint `
-FederationServiceDisplayName "Corp Federation Service" `
-FederationServiceName "fs.corp.example.com" `
-ServiceAccountCredential $gmsaCredential
# Verify AD FS is operational
Get-AdfsProperties | Select-Object HostName, Identifier, FederationPassiveAddress
# Install Microsoft Graph PowerShell module
Install-Module Microsoft.Graph -Scope CurrentUser
# Connect to Microsoft Graph
Connect-MgGraph -Scopes "Domain.ReadWrite.All"
# Convert managed domain to federated
# Using AD FS federation metadata URL
$domainId = "corp.example.com"
$federationConfig = @{
issuerUri = "http://fs.corp.example.com/adfs/services/trust"
metadataExchangeUri = "https://fs.corp.example.com/adfs/services/trust/mex"
passiveSignInUri = "https://fs.corp.example.com/adfs/ls/"
signOutUri = "https://fs.corp.example.com/adfs/ls/?wa=wsignout1.0"
signingCertificate = $base64Cert
preferredAuthenticationProtocol = "saml"
}
# Apply federation settings to domain
New-MgDomainFederationConfiguration -DomainId $domainId -BodyParameter $federationConfig
# Add Relying Party Trust for Azure AD
Add-AdfsRelyingPartyTrust `
-Name "Microsoft Office 365 Identity Platform" `
-MetadataUrl "https://nexus.microsoftonline-p.com/federationmetadata/2007-06/federationmetadata.xml"
# Configure claim rules
$rules = @"
@RuleTemplate = "LdapClaims"
@RuleName = "Extract AD Attributes"
c:[Type == "http://schemas.microsoft.com/ws/2008/06/identity/claims/windowsaccountname",
Issuer == "AD AUTHORITY"]
=> issue(store = "Active Directory",
types = ("http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/claims/UPN",
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/emailaddress",
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/givenname",
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/surname"),
query = ";userPrincipalName,mail,givenName,sn;{0}",
param = c.Value);
@RuleTemplate = "PassThroughClaims"
@RuleName = "Pass Through UPN as NameID"
c:[Type == "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/claims/UPN"]
=> issue(Type = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claims/nameidentifier",
Issuer = c.Issuer, OriginalIssuer = c.OriginalIssuer,
Value = c.Value,
ValueType = c.ValueType,
Properties["http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2005/05/identity/claimproperties/format"]
= "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:persistent");
"@
Set-AdfsRelyingPartyTrust `
-TargetName "Microsoft Office 365 Identity Platform" `
-IssuanceTransformRules $rules
For each SaaS application that supports SAML SSO via Azure AD:
AD FS token-signing certificates expire and must be renewed:
# Check current certificate expiration
Get-AdfsCertificate -CertificateType Token-Signing | Select-Object Thumbprint, NotAfter
# AD FS supports auto-rollover (enabled by default)
Get-AdfsProperties | Select-Object AutoCertificateRollover
# If manual rotation is needed:
# 1. Add new certificate as secondary
Set-AdfsCertificate -CertificateType Token-Signing -Thumbprint $newThumbprint -IsPrimary $false
# 2. Update Azure AD with new certificate
# 3. Promote to primary
Set-AdfsCertificate -CertificateType Token-Signing -Thumbprint $newThumbprint -IsPrimary $true
# 4. Remove old certificate
Remove-AdfsCertificate -CertificateType Token-Signing -Thumbprint $oldThumbprint