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Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns, shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space.
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Detecting and exploiting HTTP request smuggling vulnerabilities caused by Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding parsing discrepancies between front-end and back-end servers.
Identifying and exploiting OAuth 2.0 and OpenID Connect misconfigurations including redirect URI manipulation, token leakage, and authorization code theft during security assessments.
Identifying and exploiting dangling DNS records pointing to unclaimed cloud services, enabling subdomain takeover for phishing, cookie stealing, and authentication bypass during authorized penetration tests.
| name | analyzing-heap-spray-exploitation |
| description | Detect and analyze heap spray attacks in memory dumps using Volatility3 plugins to identify NOP sled patterns, shellcode landing zones, and suspicious large allocations in process virtual address space. |
| domain | cybersecurity |
| subdomain | malware-analysis |
| tags | ["malware-analysis","memory-forensics","heap-spray","volatility3","exploit-analysis"] |
| version | 1.0 |
| author | mahipal |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| nist_csf | ["DE.AE-02","RS.AN-03","ID.RA-01","DE.CM-01"] |
Heap spraying is an exploitation technique that fills large regions of a process's heap with attacker-controlled data (typically NOP sleds followed by shellcode) to increase the reliability of code execution exploits. This skill covers detecting heap spray artifacts in memory dumps using Volatility3's malfind, vadinfo, and memmap plugins, identifying suspicious contiguous memory allocations, scanning for NOP sled patterns (0x90, 0x0c0c0c0c), and extracting embedded shellcode for analysis.
0x90. Real sprays use 0x0c0c0c0c (doubles as a benign OR and a heap address), polymorphic sleds of valid single-byte instructions, or JIT-sprayed code, so a scan for \x90 runs misses them. Search for repeated 4-byte address patterns and large identical-page runs, not only classic sleds.malfind keys on RWX, which modern exploits avoid. With DEP/ASLR, payloads often land in RW (then ROP flips protections), so windows.malfind shows nothing. Cross-check windows.vadinfo for abnormally large contiguous private allocations regardless of the execute bit.iexplore.exe, WerFault, Flash/Java), not the parent; pick the exploited process.vol3 windows.vadinfo --dump / windows.memmap), then disassemble and run it through scdbg/libemu or capa to prove it is executable shellcode rather than data, and correlate with the triggering document/exploit.volatility3 framework installedUse Volatility3 windows.malfind to scan for processes with executable injected memory regions.
Examine VAD tree entries using windows.vadinfo for large contiguous allocations with RWX permissions.
Search suspicious memory regions for NOP sled signatures (0x90 sequences, 0x0c0c0c0c patterns).
Dump suspicious memory regions and identify shellcode using byte pattern analysis.
JSON report with suspicious processes, heap spray indicators, NOP sled locations, memory region sizes, and extracted shellcode hashes.