langgraph

name	langgraph
description	Use when building stateful multi-step agents, agent graphs, or workflows with LLMs. Triggers on: 'langgraph', 'state graph', 'stateful agent', 'agent workflow', 'agent loop', 'multi-step agent', 'persistent agent', 'human-in-the-loop agent', 'agent with memory', 'graph-based agent'.

LangGraph Skill

Build stateful, long-running agents using graph-based orchestration. Source: langchain-ai/langgraph (137K⭐, MIT)

Core concepts

Node  = một function thực hiện một bước (LLM call, tool call, decision)
Edge  = transition giữa nodes (điều kiện hoặc unconditional)
State = shared dict truyền qua toàn bộ graph, persist across steps

Install

pip install -U langgraph
# JS/TS
npm install @langchain/langgraph

Workflow

Step 1 — Xác định state schema

from typing import Annotated
from langgraph.graph import StateGraph, START, END
from langgraph.graph.message import add_messages
from typing_extensions import TypedDict

class State(TypedDict):
    messages: Annotated[list, add_messages]   # tự động append, không overwrite
    step_count: int

Step 2 — Định nghĩa nodes

from langchain_anthropic import ChatAnthropic

llm = ChatAnthropic(model="claude-sonnet-4-6")

def call_llm(state: State):
    response = llm.invoke(state["messages"])
    return {"messages": [response], "step_count": state["step_count"] + 1}

def check_done(state: State):
    last = state["messages"][-1]
    if last.tool_calls:
        return "tools"
    return END

Step 3 — Build graph

from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode

tools = [search_tool, calculator_tool]
tool_node = ToolNode(tools)
llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools)

graph = StateGraph(State)
graph.add_node("agent", call_llm)
graph.add_node("tools", tool_node)
graph.add_edge(START, "agent")
graph.add_conditional_edges("agent", check_done)
graph.add_edge("tools", "agent")

app = graph.compile()

Step 4 — Run với persistence

from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver

memory = MemorySaver()
app = graph.compile(checkpointer=memory)

config = {"configurable": {"thread_id": "session-42"}}
result = app.invoke({"messages": [("user", "Tìm dân số Việt Nam")]}, config)
print(result["messages"][-1].content)

Step 5 — Human-in-the-loop (interrupt)

# Pause trước khi tool call để human review
app = graph.compile(
    checkpointer=memory,
    interrupt_before=["tools"]   # dừng tại node "tools"
)

# Resume sau khi human approve
app.invoke(None, config)         # tiếp tục từ checkpoint

Patterns

ReAct agent (observe → think → act)

from langgraph.prebuilt import create_react_agent

agent = create_react_agent(llm, tools, checkpointer=memory)
result = agent.invoke({"messages": [("user", "task")]}, config)

Subgraph (nested agent)

subgraph = StateGraph(SubState)
# ... build subgraph ...
main_graph.add_node("subagent", subgraph.compile())

Streaming output

for chunk in app.stream({"messages": [("user", "task")]}, config):
    for node, values in chunk.items():
        print(f"[{node}]", values)

Persistence backends

# PostgreSQL (production)
from langgraph.checkpoint.postgres import PostgresSaver
checkpointer = PostgresSaver.from_conn_string("postgresql://...")

# Redis
from langgraph.checkpoint.redis import RedisSaver

Lỗi thường gặp

Lỗi	Fix
InvalidUpdateError	State update phải return dict, không return giá trị trực tiếp
GraphRecursionError	Tăng recursion_limit trong config: {"recursion_limit": 25}
Loop không dừng	Thêm conditional edge check step_count hoặc max_iterations