harper-rest-queries

name	harper-rest-queries
description	building or debugging Harper…

Harper REST Queries

Overview

Harper exposes exported tables and custom Resources as REST endpoints when rest: true is enabled. Collection GET requests use URL query parameters for filtering, sorting, projection, pagination, and relationship traversal. The same query shape is available inside Resources through search(query) and tables.X.search(query).

Use Harper's native query surface before hand-filtering records in JavaScript. Hand-filtering is only acceptable after a selective indexed condition has already narrowed the candidate set and the behavior cannot be represented by the REST query language.

Cross-check endpoint ownership and generated resource conventions in [[harper-resources]]. Cross-check table names, indexes, exported resources, and relationships in [[harper-schema-graphql]].

REST collection syntax

REST queries run against collection paths with a trailing slash:

GET /products/?category=software
GET /products/?category=software&active=true

Rules:

• Query attributes that appear in conditions should be indexed with @indexed.
• Multiple & conditions are ANDed.
• | combines conditions with OR logic.
• Use square brackets for grouping generated from user input because they encode cleanly in URLs.
• Encode reserved characters, especially : in dates as %3A.

Common condition examples:

GET /products/?category=software
GET /products/?price=gt=100
GET /products/?price=ge=100&price=lt=200
GET /products/?price=gt=100&price=lt=200
GET /products/?name==Keyboard*
GET /products/?rating=5|featured=true
GET /products/?rating=5&[tag=fast|tag=scalable|tag=efficient]
GET /products/?discount=null
GET /products/?listDate=gt=2026-01-05T20%3A07%3A27.955Z

Operators

Harper REST comparison operators use FIQL-style syntax:

URL operator	Programmatic comparator	Meaning
==	equals	Equal with type conversion
=lt= / lt=	less_than	Less than
=le= / le=	less_than_equal	Less than or equal
=gt= / gt=	greater_than	Greater than
=ge= / ge=	greater_than_equal	Greater than or equal
=ne= / !=	not_equal	Not equal
=ct=	contains	String contains
=sw= / ==value*	starts_with	String starts with
=ew=	ends_with	String ends with
= / ===	strict equality	No automatic URL-value conversion
!==	strict inequality	No automatic URL-value conversion

For FIQL comparators, Harper converts strings such as null, true, numbers, and schema-typed values before searching. Use explicit prefixes when a generated URL must control conversion:

GET /products/?price==number:123
GET /products/?active==boolean:true
GET /products/?sku==string:00123
GET /products/?createdAt==date:2026-01-05T20%3A07%3A27.955Z

Select, sort, and pagination

Use query functions for projection, paging, and order:

GET /products/?category=software&select(id,name,price)
GET /products/?category=software&select([id,name])
GET /products/?category=software&limit(20)
GET /products/?category=software&limit(40,60)
GET /products/?category=software&sort(+name)
GET /products/?category=software&sort(+rating,-price)

Guidance:

• select(property) returns a single property directly.
• select(property1,property2) returns objects with those properties.
• select([property1,property2]) returns arrays of selected property values.
• limit(end) returns the first end records.
• limit(start,end) uses start as the offset and returns through end.
• Prefix sort fields with + for ascending and - for descending.
• Prefer sorting on an indexed field used by the primary condition, or a narrow result set that can be sorted cheaply.

Programmatic pagination normally uses limit and offset:

const pageSize = 20;
const page = Number(url.searchParams.get('page') ?? 0);

const products = await tables.Products.search({
  conditions: [{ attribute: 'category', value: 'software' }],
  sort: { attribute: 'createdAt', descending: true },
  limit: pageSize,
  offset: page * pageSize,
});

Sort with no conditions crashes the planner

A search() that carries a sort but an empty conditions: [] array throws at runtime — the planner cannot seed the btree scan from the sort attribute. This is a latent 500 the first time an unfiltered, sorted collection page is requested (verified on harperdb 4.7.32).

// ✗ crashes: sort with nothing to seed the scan
tables.Advisor.search({
  conditions: [],
  sort: { attribute: 'lastName' },
});

Seed a floor/sentinel condition on the sort attribute so the planner has an index range to walk, then apply the sort:

// ✓ floor condition on the sort attribute seeds the scan
tables.Advisor.search({
  conditions: [
    { attribute: 'lastName', comparator: 'greater_than_equal', value: '' },
  ],
  sort: { attribute: 'lastName' },
});

Centralize this in the page helper (searchPageAndCount) rather than duplicating a sentinel at each call site. The harper-no-empty-conditions-with-sort ast-grep rule flags the crashing shape.

Relationship queries

Relationship attributes can be queried with dot syntax when the relationship is declared in schema.graphql and the foreign key fields are indexed:

type Product @table @export(name: "products") {
  id: Long @primaryKey
  name: String
  brandId: Long @indexed
  brand: Brand @relationship(from: brandId)
}

type Brand @table @export(name: "brands") {
  id: Long @primaryKey
  name: String @indexed
  products: [Product] @relationship(to: brandId)
}

GET /products/?brand.name=Microsoft
GET /brands/?products.name=Keyboard
GET /products/?brand.name=Microsoft&select(id,name,brand{name})

Filtering on a related table behaves like an inner join. Selecting a relationship without filtering can behave like a left join; missing relationships may be omitted from returned records. Keep relationship names and directives aligned with [[harper-schema-graphql]] before changing a route.

Programmatic search

Use search(query) inside custom Resources when the endpoint needs validation, authorization, response shaping, or side effects around Harper's native query engine:

export class Products extends tables.Products {
  static async search(query, context) {
    const safeQuery = {
      ...query,
      conditions: [
        ...(Array.isArray(query.conditions) ? query.conditions : []),
        { attribute: 'tenantId', value: context.user.tenantId },
      ],
      limit: Math.min(query.limit ?? 50, 100),
    };

    return super.search(safeQuery, context);
  }
}

Call table resources directly from other resource methods when you are composing server-side behavior:

const products = await tables.Products.search({
  conditions: [
    { attribute: 'category', value: 'software' },
    { attribute: 'price', comparator: 'less_than', value: 200 },
  ],
  sort: { attribute: 'rating', descending: true },
  limit: 20,
});

Useful query keys:

Key	Use
conditions	Attribute predicates. Use an array for AND-style filters.
sort	Sort descriptor. Prefer indexed fields for large result sets.
limit	Maximum records returned. Always cap client-controlled values.
offset	Pagination offset. Prefer stable sort when offset is used.
select	Projection list. Keep admin-only fields out of public responses.
explain	Debug execution order and index usage while tuning.

search() can return an AsyncIterable. An early return/break out of a for await (... of tables.X.search(...)) loop abandons the iterator before the scan completes and leaks the open read transaction (verified on harperdb 4.7.32). When iterating manually or stopping early, drain it or call the iterator's return() in finally so Harper releases the read transaction — or bound the query (search({ ..., limit: 1 })) when you only need the first row. The harper-no-early-return-in-search-loop ast-grep rule flags early exits from these loops:

const iterator = tables.Products
  .search({ conditions: [{ attribute: 'status', value: 'active' }] })
  [Symbol.asyncIterator]();

try {
  const first = await iterator.next();
  return first.value;
} finally {
  await iterator.return?.();
}

Context in resource methods

Resource methods may receive request context from Harper's REST runtime. Treat that context as the authoritative place for user identity, request headers, and request-scoped metadata supplied by the server:

export class Orders extends tables.Orders {
  static async post(data, context) {
    const userId = context.user?.id;
    if (!userId) {
      throw new Error('Authentication required');
    }

    return super.post(
      {
        ...(await data),
        createdBy: userId,
      },
      context,
    );
  }
}

When one resource delegates to another, pass the same context through. This keeps authorization, headers/request metadata, and transaction ownership aligned for nested operations:

await tables.OrderEvents.post(
  {
    orderId,
    type: 'created',
  },
  context,
);

Do not store context in module-level variables. It is request-scoped data and must not leak between concurrent requests.

Transactions

Harper databases are transactionally consistent. Tables in the same database can participate in the same atomic unit of work; separate databases do not preserve cross-database atomicity.

Resource methods should assume a request-level transaction boundary:

• Reads inside a single request observe a consistent transaction context.
• Writes across tables in the same database commit together when the request completes successfully.
• Throwing from the resource method before completion rolls the request work back.
• Nested table/resource operations should receive the same context to stay in the same request transaction.
• Long-running external calls should happen before writes or after commit-aware handoff; do not hold a transaction open while waiting on an avoidable network dependency.

Example multi-table write:

export class Orders extends tables.Orders {
  static async post(data, context) {
    const order = await super.post(await data, context);

    await tables.OrderEvents.post(
      {
        orderId: order.id,
        type: 'created',
      },
      context,
    );

    return order;
  }
}

If OrderEvents.post() throws, the order creation should not be reported as successful. Verify the rollback behavior with an integration test against a real Harper process when the route writes more than one table.

Verification recipes

Filtered, sorted, paginated REST query:

curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/products/?category=software&price=gt=100&sort(-rating)&limit(10)" \
  | jq -e '
      length <= 10 and
      all(.[]; .category == "software" and .price > 100)
    '

Projection:

curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/products/?category=software&select(id,name)" \
  | jq -e 'all(.[]; has("id") and has("name") and (has("cost") | not))'

Relationship traversal:

curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/products/?brand.name=Microsoft&select(id,name,brand{name})" \
  | jq -e 'all(.[]; .brand.name == "Microsoft")'

Pagination stability:

first="$(curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/products/?sort(+createdAt)&limit(0,20)")"
second="$(curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/products/?sort(+createdAt)&limit(20,40)")"
jq -e --argjson a "$first" --argjson b "$second" -n '
  (($a | map(.id)) as $left |
   ($b | map(.id)) as $right |
   (($left + $right) | unique | length) == (($left | length) + ($right | length)))
'

Multi-table rollback:

order_id="rollback-$(date +%s)"

curl -sS -o /tmp/order-response.json -w "%{http_code}" \
  -X POST "$BASE_URL/orders/" \
  -H 'content-type: application/json' \
  --data "{\"id\":\"$order_id\",\"forceEventFailure\":true}" \
  | grep -E '4[0-9][0-9]|5[0-9][0-9]'

curl -fsS "$BASE_URL/orders/$order_id" \
  | jq -e '.error or .message or (.id != "'$order_id'")'

For routes with auth rules, add a negative assertion that a user without the required role cannot filter, select, or sort on restricted data.

Sources

• REST overview
• REST querying
• Resources overview
• Query optimization
• Database overview