react-component-performance

# React Component Performance ## Overview Identify render hotspots, isolate expensive updates, and apply targeted optimizations without changing UI behavior. ## Workflow 1. Reproduce or describe the slowdown. 2. Identify what triggers re-renders (state updates, props churn, effects). 3. Isolate fast-changing state from heavy subtrees. 4. Stabilize props and handlers; memoize where it pays off. 5. Reduce expensive work (computation, DOM size, list length). 6. **Validate**: open React DevTools Profiler → record the interaction → inspect the Flamegraph for components rendering longer than ~16 ms → compare against a pre-optimization baseline recording. ## Checklist - Measure: use React DevTools Profiler or log renders; capture baseline. - Find churn: identify state updated on a timer, scroll, input, or animation. - Split: move ticking state into a child; keep heavy lists static. - Memoize: wrap leaf rows with `memo` only when props are stable. - Stabilize props: use `useCallback`/`useMemo` for handlers and derived values. - Avoid derived work in render: precompute, or compute inside memoized helpers. - Control list size: window/virtualize long lists; avoid rendering hidden items. - Keys: ensure stable keys; avoid index when order can change. - Effects: verify dependency arrays; avoid effects that re-run on every render. - Style/layout: watch for expensive layout thrash or large Markdown/diff renders. ## Optimization Patterns ### Isolate ticking state Move a timer or animation counter into a child so the parent list never re-renders on each tick. ```tsx // ❌ Before – entire parent (and list) re-renders every second function Dashboard({ items }: { items: Item[] }) { const [tick, setTick] = useState(0); useEffect(() => { const id = setInterval(() => setTick(t => t + 1), 1000); return () => clearInterval(id); }, []); return ( <> <Clock tick={tick} /> <ExpensiveList items={items} /> {/* re-renders every second */} </> ); } // ✅ After – only <Clock> re-renders; list is untouched function Clock() { const [tick, setTick] = useState(0); useEffect(() => { const id = setInterval(() => setTick(t => t + 1), 1000); return () => clearInterval(id); }, []); return <span>{tick}s</span>; } function Dashboard({ items }: { items: Item[] }) { return ( <> <Clock /> <ExpensiveList items={items} /> </> ); } ``` ### Stabilize callbacks with `useCallback` + `memo` ```tsx // ❌ Before – new handler reference on every render busts Row memo function List({ items }: { items: Item[] }) { const handleClick = (id: string) => console.log(id); // new ref each render return items.map(item => <Row key={item.id} item={item} onClick={handleClick} />); } // ✅ After – stable handler; Row only re-renders when its own item changes const Row = memo(({ item, onClick }: RowProps) => ( <li onClick={() => onClick(item.id)}>{item.name}</li> )); function List({ items }: { items: Item[] }) { const handleClick = useCallback((id: string) => console.log(id), []); return items.map(item => <Row key={item.id} item={item} onClick={handleClick} />); } ``` ### Prefer derived data outside render ```tsx // ❌ Before – recomputes on every render function Summary({ orders }: { orders: Order[] }) { const total = orders.reduce((sum, o) => sum + o.amount, 0); // runs every render return <p>Total: {total}</p>; } // ✅ After – recomputes only when orders changes function Summary({ orders }: { orders: Order[] }) { const total = useMemo(() => orders.reduce((sum, o) => sum + o.amount, 0), [orders]); return <p>Total: {total}</p>; } ``` ### Additional patterns - **Split rows**: extract list rows into memoized components with narrow props. - **Defer heavy rendering**: lazy-render or collapse expensive content until expanded. ## Profiling Validation Steps 1. Open **React DevTools → Profiler** tab. 2. Click **Record**, perform the slow interaction, then **Stop**. 3. Switch to **Flamegraph** view; any bar labeled with a component and time > ~16 ms is a candidate. 4. Use **Ranked chart** to sort by self render time and target the top offenders. 5. Apply one optimization at a time, re-record, and compare render counts and durations against the baseline. ## Example Reference Load `references/examples.md` when the user wants a concrete refactor example.