developer-code-organization

# Code Organization Use this reference for gh-aw code organization patterns, file structure guidelines, WASM build-variant stubs, and string sanitization/normalization conventions. ## Table of Contents - [File Organization Principles](#file-organization-principles) - [Excellent Patterns to Follow](#excellent-patterns-to-follow) - [File Size Guidelines](#file-size-guidelines) - [Decision Trees](#decision-tree-creating-new-files) - [Case Study: Refactoring Large Files](#case-study-refactoring-large-files) - [Anti-Patterns to Avoid](#anti-patterns-to-avoid) - [Helper File Conventions](#helper-file-conventions) - [String Sanitization vs Normalization](#string-sanitization-vs-normalization) - [WASM Build-Variant Pattern](#wasm-build-variant-pattern) ### File Organization Principles The codebase follows clear patterns for organizing code by functionality rather than type. This section provides guidance on maintaining code quality and structure. #### Prefer Many Small Files Over Large Ones Organize code into focused files of 100-500 lines rather than creating large monolithic files. **Example:** ``` create_issue.go (160 lines) create_pull_request.go (238 lines) create_discussion.go (118 lines) ``` #### Group by Functionality, Not by Type **Recommended approach:** ``` create_issue.go # Issue creation logic create_issue_test.go # Issue creation tests add_comment.go # Comment addition logic add_comment_test.go # Comment tests ``` **Avoid:** ``` models.go # All structs logic.go # All business logic tests.go # All tests ``` ### Excellent Patterns to Follow #### Create Functions Pattern One file per GitHub entity creation operation: - `create_issue.go` - GitHub issue creation logic - `create_pull_request.go` - Pull request creation logic - `create_discussion.go` - Discussion creation logic - `create_code_scanning_alert.go` - Code scanning alert creation Benefits: - Clear separation of concerns - Easy to locate specific functionality - Prevents files from becoming too large - Facilitates parallel development #### Engine Separation Pattern Each AI engine has its own file with shared helpers in `engine_helpers.go`: - `copilot_engine.go` - GitHub Copilot engine - `claude_engine.go` - Claude engine - `codex_engine.go` - Codex engine - `custom_engine.go` - Custom engine support - `engine_helpers.go` - Shared engine utilities #### Test Organization Pattern Tests live alongside implementation files: - Feature tests: `feature.go` + `feature_test.go` - Integration tests: `feature_integration_test.go` - Specific scenario tests: `feature_scenario_test.go` ### File Size Guidelines | Category | Lines | Use Case | Example | |----------|-------|----------|---------| | Small files | 50-200 | Utilities, simple features | `args.go` (65 lines) | | Medium files | 200-500 | Most feature implementations | `create_issue.go` (160 lines) | | Large files | 500-800 | Complex features | `permissions.go` (905 lines) | | Very large files | 800+ | Core infrastructure only | `compiler.go` (1596 lines) | ### Decision Tree: Creating New Files ```mermaid graph TD A[Need to add code] --> B{New safe output type?} B -->|Yes| C[Create create_entity.go] B -->|No| D{New AI engine?} D -->|Yes| E[Create engine_name_engine.go] D -->|No| F{Current file > 800 lines?} F -->|Yes| G[Consider splitting by boundaries] F -->|No| H{Functionality independent?} H -->|Yes| I[Create new file] H -->|No| J[Add to existing file] ``` ### Decision Tree: Splitting Files ```mermaid graph TD A[Evaluating file split] --> B{File > 1000 lines?} B -->|Yes| C[SHOULD split] B -->|No| D{File > 800 lines?} D -->|Yes| E[CONSIDER splitting] D -->|No| F{Multiple responsibilities?} F -->|Yes| E F -->|No| G{Frequent merge conflicts?} G -->|Yes| E G -->|No| H[Keep as is] ``` ### Case Study: Refactoring Large Files The refactoring of `pkg/parser/frontmatter.go` demonstrates applying file organization principles to a large monolithic file. #### Initial State - **Original file**: 1,907 lines (monolithic structure) - **Problem**: Difficult to navigate, understand, and maintain - **Goal**: Split into focused, maintainable modules #### Refactoring Approach ```mermaid graph TD A[frontmatter.go<br/>1,907 LOC] --> B[ansi_strip.go<br/>108 LOC] A --> C[frontmatter_content.go<br/>284 LOC] A --> D[remote_fetch.go<br/>258 LOC] A --> E[workflow_update.go<br/>129 LOC] A --> F[frontmatter.go<br/>1,166 LOC] B --> G[ANSI escape<br/>sequence utilities] C --> H[Frontmatter<br/>parsing & extraction] D --> I[GitHub remote<br/>content fetching] E --> J[Workflow file<br/>updates] F --> K[Core frontmatter<br/>processing] style B fill:#90EE90 style C fill:#90EE90 style D fill:#90EE90 style E fill:#90EE90 style F fill:#FFE4B5 ``` #### Results | Metric | Before | After | Change | |--------|--------|-------|--------| | Main file size | 1,907 LOC | 1,166 LOC | -741 LOC (-39%) | | Number of files | 1 | 5 | +4 files | | Average file size | 1,907 LOC | 233 LOC | -88% | | Test pass rate | 100% | 100% | No change ✓ | | Breaking changes | N/A | 0 | None ✓ | #### Modules Extracted 1. **ansi_strip.go** (108 LOC) - ANSI escape sequence stripping utilities - Standalone, no dependencies - Functions: `StripANSI()`, `isFinalCSIChar()`, `isCSIParameterChar()` 2. **frontmatter_content.go** (284 LOC) - Basic frontmatter parsing and extraction - Pure functions without side effects - Functions: `ExtractFrontmatterFromContent()`, `ExtractFrontmatterString()`, `ExtractMarkdownContent()`, etc. 3. **remote_fetch.go** (258 LOC) - GitHub remote content fetching - GitHub API interactions and caching - Functions: `downloadIncludeFromWorkflowSpec()`, `resolveRefToSHA()`, `downloadFileFromGitHub()` 4. **workflow_update.go** (129 LOC) - High-level workflow file updates - Frontmatter manipulation and cron expression handling - Functions: `UpdateWorkflowFrontmatter()`, `EnsureToolsSection()`, `QuoteCronExpressions()` #### Key Principles Applied - **Single Responsibility**: Each module handles one aspect of frontmatter processing - **Clear Boundaries**: Well-defined interfaces between modules - **Progressive Refactoring**: Extract standalone utilities first, then higher-level modules - **No Breaking Changes**: Maintain public API compatibility throughout - **Test-Driven Safety**: Run tests after each extraction #### Remaining Work Three complex modules remain in the original file (requiring future work): - **tool_sections.go** (~420 LOC): Tool configuration extraction and merging - **include_expander.go** (~430 LOC): Recursive include resolution with cycle detection - **frontmatter_imports.go** (~360 LOC): BFS import traversal and processing These remain due to high interdependency, stateful logic, and complex recursive algorithms. ### Anti-Patterns to Avoid #### God Files Single file doing everything - split by responsibility instead. The frontmatter.go refactoring demonstrates how a 1,907-line "god file" can be systematically broken down. #### Vague Naming Avoid non-descriptive file names like `utils.go`, `helpers.go`, `misc.go`, `common.go`. Use specific names like `ansi_strip.go`, `remote_fetch.go`, or `workflow_update.go` that clearly indicate their purpose. #### Mixed Concerns Keep files focused on one domain. Don't mix unrelated functionality in one file. #### Test Pollution Split tests by scenario rather than having one massive test file. #### Premature Abstraction Wait until you have 2-3 use cases before extracting common patterns. ### Helper File Conventions Helper files contain shared utility functions used across multiple modules. Follow these guidelines when creating or modifying helper files. #### When to Create Helper Files Create a helper file when you have: 1. **Shared utilities** used by 3+ files in the same domain 2. **Clear domain focus** (e.g., configuration parsing, MCP rendering, CLI wrapping) 3. **Stable functionality** that won't change frequently **Examples of Good Helper Files:** - `github_cli.go` - GitHub CLI wrapping functions (ExecGH, ExecGHWithOutput) - `config_helpers.go` - Safe output configuration parsing (parseLabelsFromConfig, parseTitlePrefixFromConfig) - `map_helpers.go` - Generic map/type utilities (parseIntValue, filterMapKeys) - `mcp_renderer.go` - MCP configuration rendering (RenderGitHubMCPDockerConfig, RenderJSONMCPConfig) #### Naming Conventions Helper file names should be **specific and descriptive**, not generic: **Good Names:** - `github_cli.go` - Indicates GitHub CLI helpers - `mcp_renderer.go` - Indicates MCP rendering helpers - `config_helpers.go` - Indicates configuration parsing helpers **Avoid:** - `helpers.go` - Too generic - `utils.go` - Too vague - `misc.go` - Indicates poor organization - `common.go` - Doesn't specify domain #### What Belongs in Helper Files **Include:** - Small (< 50 lines) utility functions used by multiple files - Domain-specific parsing/validation functions - Wrapper functions that simplify common operations - Type conversion utilities **Exclude:** - Complex business logic (belongs in domain-specific files) - Functions used by only 1-2 callers (co-locate with callers) - Large functions (> 100 lines) - consider dedicated files - Multiple unrelated domains in one file #### Helper File Organization **Current Helper Files in pkg/workflow:** | File | Purpose | Functions | Usage | |------|---------|-----------|-------| | `github_cli.go` | GitHub CLI wrapper | 2 functions | Used by CLI commands and workflow resolution | | `config_helpers.go` | Safe output config parsing | 5 functions | Used by safe output processors | | `map_helpers.go` | Generic map/type utilities | 2 functions | Used across workflow compilation | | `prompt_step_helper.go` | Prompt step generation | 1 function | Used by prompt generators | | `mcp_renderer.go` | MCP config rendering | Multiple rendering functions | Used by all AI engines | | `engine_helpers.go` | Shared engine utilities | Agent, npm install helpers | Used by Copilot, Claude, Codex engines | #### When NOT to Create Helper Files Avoid creating helper files when: 1. **Single caller** - Co-locate with the caller instead 2. **Tight coupling** - Function is tightly coupled to one module 3. **Frequent changes** - Helper files should be stable 4. **Mixed concerns** - Multiple unrelated utilities (split into focused files) **Example of co-location preference:** ```go // Instead of: helpers.go containing formatStepName() used only by compiler.go // Do: Put formatStepName() directly in compiler.go ``` #### Refactoring Guidelines When refactoring helper files: 1. **Group by domain** - MCP rendering → mcp_renderer.go, not engine_helpers.go 2. **Keep functions small** - Large helpers (> 100 lines) may need dedicated files 3. **Document usage** - Add comments explaining when to use each helper 4. **Check call sites** - Ensure 3+ callers before keeping in helper file #### Example: MCP Function Reorganization The MCP rendering functions were moved from `engine_helpers.go` to `mcp_renderer.go` because: - **Domain focus**: All functions relate to MCP configuration rendering - **Multiple callers**: Used by Claude, Copilot, Codex, and Custom engines - **Cohesive**: Functions work together to render MCP configs - **Stable**: Rendering patterns don't change frequently **Before:** ``` engine_helpers.go (478 lines) - Agent helpers - npm install helpers - MCP rendering functions ← Should be in mcp_renderer.go ``` **After:** ``` engine_helpers.go (213 lines) - Agent helpers - npm install helpers mcp_renderer.go (523 lines) - MCP rendering functions - MCP configuration types ``` ### String Sanitization vs Normalization The codebase uses two distinct patterns for string processing with different purposes. #### Sanitize Pattern: Character Validity **Purpose**: Remove or replace invalid characters to create valid identifiers, file names, or artifact names. **When to use**: When you need to ensure a string contains only valid characters for a specific context (identifiers, YAML artifact names, filesystem paths). **What it does**: - Removes special characters that are invalid in the target context - Replaces separators (colons, slashes, spaces) with hyphens - Converts to lowercase for consistency - May preserve certain characters (dots, underscores) based on configuration #### Normalize Pattern: Format Standardization **Purpose**: Standardize format by removing extensions, converting between conventions, or applying consistent formatting rules. **When to use**: When you need to convert between different representations of the same logical entity (e.g., file extensions, naming conventions). **What it does**: - Removes file extensions (.md, .lock.yml) - Converts between naming conventions (dashes to underscores) - Standardizes identifiers to a canonical form - Does NOT validate character validity (assumes input is already valid) #### Function Reference **Sanitize Functions**: - `SanitizeName(name string, opts *SanitizeOptions) string` - Configurable sanitization with custom character preservation - `SanitizeWorkflowName(name string) string` - Sanitizes workflow names for artifact names and file paths - `SanitizeIdentifier(name string) string` - Creates clean identifiers for user agent strings **Normalize Functions**: - `normalizeWorkflowName(name string) string` - Removes file extensions to get base workflow identifier