pptx

# pptx Work with PowerPoint `.pptx` files using **python-pptx** (preinstalled). A `.pptx` is a ZIP of XML parts; python-pptx handles the structure so you rarely touch XML. Drop to raw OOXML only for the few things the library can't express (see Advanced). Use `exec` with complete Python source (`language: python`). Keep asset creation, deck generation, reopening, and structural verification in one call when possible; later calls can revise the same relative filename. Follow the turn's **User workspace** instructions for locating inputs, output boundaries, and presenting the finished deck. ## Mental model - A presentation has **slides**; each slide is built from a **layout**; layouts live on **slide masters**. Layouts define **placeholders** (title, body, picture, etc.) by `idx` and type. - A slide holds **shapes**: placeholders, text boxes, pictures, tables, charts. - Shapes with text expose `.text_frame` → `.paragraphs` → `.runs`. A run is the unit that carries formatting (font, size, bold, color). - Units are EMU. Use the helpers: `from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu`. ## Read / extract ```python from pptx import Presentation prs = Presentation("deck.pptx") print(len(prs.slides), prs.slide_width, prs.slide_height) # EMU dims for i, slide in enumerate(prs.slides, 1): print(f"--- slide {i} (layout: {slide.slide_layout.name}) ---") for shape in slide.shapes: if shape.has_text_frame: print(shape.text_frame.text) # \n-joined paragraphs elif shape.has_table: for row in shape.table.rows: print([c.text for c in row.cells]) if slide.has_notes_slide: notes = slide.notes_slide.notes_text_frame.text if notes: print("NOTES:", notes) ``` Iterate `slide.placeholders` to see placeholder `idx` / `placeholder_format.type`. For a fast text-only dump, just collect `shape.text_frame.text` across slides. ## Create from an outline List the layouts first — indices vary by template. With the default template, layout 0 = Title, 1 = Title+Content, 5 = Title Only, 6 = Blank. ```python from pptx import Presentation from pptx.util import Inches, Pt prs = Presentation() # or Presentation("template.pptx") to inherit a theme for idx, lay in enumerate(prs.slide_layouts): print(idx, lay.name, [(p.placeholder_format.idx, p.name) for p in lay.placeholders]) # Title slide s = prs.slides.add_slide(prs.slide_layouts[0]) s.shapes.title.text = "My Deck" s.placeholders[1].text = "Subtitle" # idx from the listing above # Title + bullets s = prs.slides.add_slide(prs.slide_layouts[1]) s.shapes.title.text = "Agenda" tf = s.placeholders[1].text_frame tf.text = "First point" # first paragraph for line, lvl in [("Second", 0), ("Sub-point", 1)]: p = tf.add_paragraph() p.text = line p.level = lvl prs.save("out.pptx") ``` Always set text via placeholders/shapes — never hand-write bullet glyphs (`•`); indentation/bullets come from the layout via `paragraph.level`. Add a free text box or picture on any slide: ```python tb = s.shapes.add_textbox(Inches(1), Inches(1), Inches(8), Inches(1)) r = tb.text_frame.paragraphs[0].add_run() r.text = "Hi" r.font.size = Pt(28) r.font.bold = True s.shapes.add_picture("logo.png", Inches(0.5), Inches(0.5), height=Inches(1)) # omit w to keep ratio ``` ## Edit existing Edit at the **run** level to preserve a run's formatting; rewriting `text_frame.text` collapses to one run and drops inline formatting. ```python for slide in prs.slides: for shape in slide.shapes: if not shape.has_text_frame: continue for para in shape.text_frame.paragraphs: for run in para.runs: if "{{NAME}}" in run.text: run.text = run.text.replace("{{NAME}}", "Frank") ``` To delete a shape/placeholder: `sp = shape._element; sp.getparent().remove(sp)`. If the template has more slots than your data, remove the extra shapes entirely rather than leaving empty placeholders. ### Replace an image in place (keep size/position) python-pptx has no direct setter; swap the bytes of the related image part. Read the picture's `r:embed` rId off its `<a:blip>`, then overwrite the part's blob. The replacement bytes must use the same image encoding as the original part (for example PNG for PNG). A different encoding also requires a new correctly typed media part and relationship; changing `_blob` alone would leave invalid content-type metadata. ```python from pptx.oxml.ns import qn for shape in slide.shapes: if shape.shape_type == 13: # MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.PICTURE blip = shape._element.find(".//" + qn("a:blip")) rid = blip.get(qn("r:embed")) with open("new.png", "rb") as f: shape.part.related_part(rid)._blob = f.read() ``` ### Tables and charts ```python from pptx.util import Inches tbl = s.shapes.add_table( rows=2, cols=2, left=Inches(1), top=Inches(1), width=Inches(6), height=Inches(2) ).table tbl.cell(0, 0).text = "Header" from pptx.chart.data import CategoryChartData from pptx.enum.chart import XL_CHART_TYPE cd = CategoryChartData() cd.categories = ["Q1", "Q2", "Q3"] cd.add_series("Sales", (4.5, 5.5, 6.2)) s.shapes.add_chart(XL_CHART_TYPE.COLUMN_CLUSTERED, Inches(1), Inches(1), Inches(8), Inches(4.5), cd) ``` ## Design (only when the user wants a polished deck, not a data dump) - Pick a topic-specific palette and one accent; don't default to generic blue. One color should dominate. Dark title/closing slides, light content slides. - Vary layouts across slides (two-column, stat callout, quote, section divider) — repeating one bullet layout reads as low-effort. Give most slides a visual element (image/chart/shape), not just title + bullets. - Type scale: title 36-44pt, section headers 20-24pt, body 14-16pt. Bold headers and inline labels. Left-align body; center only titles. Keep >=0.5in margins. - Set `text_frame.word_wrap = True` and watch for overflow; long replacement text may spill. After rendering (see Export), inspect the images critically — assume there are overlap/overflow/contrast bugs and fix them before declaring done. ## Export to PDF / images (optional, needs LibreOffice) Do the availability check and conversion through Python source sent to `exec`; this works with pip, source, Docker, and Windows deployments without assuming POSIX shell syntax or printing a physical working directory: ```python from pathlib import Path import shutil import subprocess deck = Path("out.pptx") soffice = shutil.which("soffice") if not soffice: print("soffice not available — cannot export") else: subprocess.run([soffice, "--headless", "--convert-to", "pdf", str(deck)], check=True) pdftoppm = shutil.which("pdftoppm") if pdftoppm: subprocess.run([pdftoppm, "-jpeg", "-r", "150", "out.pdf", "slide"], check=True) print(*sorted(str(path) for path in Path(".").glob("slide-*.jpg")), sep="\n") ``` If an image-reading tool is actually mounted, use it to inspect every rendered slide. `workspace_present` only presents a file to the user; it does not let you see the rendered pixels. If no image-reading tool is available, perform the structural checks below and say that visual inspection was unavailable rather than claiming you inspected the slides. Re-run conversion after every edit — the PDF won't reflect a changed `.pptx` otherwise. If `soffice` (or `pdftoppm`) is absent, say so and skip export; do not install it during the task. ## .ppt → .pptx Legacy `.ppt` is a different binary format — python-pptx cannot open it. Convert first if `soffice` exists, else tell the user it can't be processed. Route this through `exec` with `language: python`, not an implicit shell: ```python import shutil import subprocess soffice = shutil.which("soffice") if not soffice: print("need soffice for .ppt") else: subprocess.run([soffice, "--headless", "--convert-to", "pptx", "old.ppt"], check=True) ``` ## Advanced: raw OOXML (last resort) Use only for things python-pptx can't do (e.g. exact-fidelity slide duplication, gradient fills, theme color edits, untyped XML elements). python-pptx already exposes each shape's XML via `shape._element` (lxml) — prefer surgical lxml edits there over a full unzip when you can. For part-level surgery, unzip → edit the XML part → re-zip with stdlib `zipfile`. Package map: slide order in `ppt/presentation.xml` `<p:sldIdLst>`; slides in `ppt/slides/slideN.xml` with rels in `ppt/slides/_rels/slideN.xml.rels`; layouts/ masters under `ppt/slideLayouts`, `ppt/slideMasters`; media in `ppt/media/`; part types in `[Content_Types].xml`. Critical invariants if you add/edit parts by hand — break one and PowerPoint reports the file as corrupt: - Every new part is declared in `[Content_Types].xml` (an `<Override>` for slides; a `<Default>` per media extension like png/jpeg). - Every cross-part link goes through a `_rels/*.rels` `<Relationship>`; r:id refs in XML must resolve. Adding a slide means: write the part + its `.rels`, add the content-type override, add a `<Relationship>` in `presentation.xml.rels`, and a `<p:sldId>` in `<p:sldIdLst>`. - IDs must be unique: `<p:sldId>` ids, and shape ids (`<p:cNvPr id=...>`) within a slide. `sldLayoutId`/`sldMasterId` are globally unique. - Whitespace: any `<a:t>` with leading/trailing spaces needs `xml:space="preserve"`. - Parse/serialize with lxml or `defusedxml`; never naive string munging that mangles namespaces or pretty-prints into text nodes. Minimal text edit by zip surgery (zip members can't be overwritten in place — rebuild the archive, swapping the one part): ```python import zipfile target = "ppt/slides/slide1.xml" with zipfile.ZipFile("in.pptx") as zin: xml = zin.read(target).decode().replace("Old title", "New title") with zipfile.ZipFile("out.pptx", "w", zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zout: for item in zin.namelist(): zout.writestr(item, xml.encode() if item == target else zin.read(item)) ``` ## Verify before done Reopen the output with `Presentation("out.pptx")` and assert slide count / key text — a clean reopen catches most corruption. For decks meant to look good, also export and visually inspect (above). Check templates for leftover placeholder text (`xxxx`, `lorem`, `[insert ...]`) and fix before declaring done.