metabolomics-msdial-preprocessing

name	metabolomics-msdial-preprocessing
description	MS-DIAL-based metabolomics preprocessing as alternative to XCMS. Covers peak detection, alignment, annotation, and export for downstream analysis. Use when processing MS-DIAL output files for R/Python analysis or when preferring GUI-based preprocessing.
tool_type	mixed
primary_tool	msdial

Version Compatibility

Reference examples tested with: numpy 1.26+, pandas 2.2+, scanpy 1.10+, xcms 4.0+

Before using code patterns, verify installed versions match. If versions differ:

• Python: pip show <package> then help(module.function) to check signatures
• R: packageVersion('<pkg>') then ?function_name to verify parameters
• CLI: <tool> --version then <tool> --help to confirm flags

If code throws ImportError, AttributeError, or TypeError, introspect the installed package and adapt the example to match the actual API rather than retrying.

MS-DIAL Preprocessing

"Process my LC-MS data with MS-DIAL" -> Detect chromatographic peaks, align across samples, annotate metabolites, and export a feature table for statistical analysis.

• CLI: MS-DIAL GUI or console mode for peak picking and alignment

MS-DIAL GUI Workflow

MS-DIAL provides a user-friendly GUI for complete metabolomics preprocessing:

1. Project Setup - Create new project, select data type
2. Data Import - Load mzML/ABF files
3. Peak Detection - Automatic peak picking
4. Alignment - Cross-sample alignment
5. Gap Filling - Fill missing values
6. Annotation - Database matching
7. Export - Export for downstream analysis

Export MS-DIAL Results to R

library(tidyverse)

# Load MS-DIAL alignment result
msdial_data <- read.csv('msdial_alignment_result.csv', check.names = FALSE)

# Typical columns from MS-DIAL export
# Alignment ID, Average Rt(min), Average Mz, Metabolite name, Adduct type,
# Fill %, MS/MS assigned, Reference RT, Reference m/z, Formula, Ontology,
# INCHIKEY, SMILES, Annotation tag (Level), Comment, [Sample columns...]

# Identify sample columns (contain "Area" or sample names)
sample_cols <- grep('Area$|^Sample', colnames(msdial_data), value = TRUE)
meta_cols <- setdiff(colnames(msdial_data), sample_cols)

# Extract feature metadata
feature_info <- msdial_data[, meta_cols]

# Extract intensity matrix
intensity_matrix <- as.matrix(msdial_data[, sample_cols])
rownames(intensity_matrix) <- msdial_data$`Alignment ID`

cat( nrowintensity_matrix  ncolintensity_matrix 

Filter MS-DIAL Results

# Filter by annotation confidence
# MS-DIAL Annotation tags: Lipid, Metabolite, Unknown, etc.
annotated <- feature_info$`Annotation tag` != 'Unknown'

# Filter by fill percentage (presence across samples)
fill_threshold <- 50  # Present in at least 50% of samples
good_fill <- feature_info$`Fill %` >= fill_threshold

# Filter by MS/MS match
has_msms <- feature_info$`MS/MS assigned` == TRUE

# Apply filters
filtered_idx <- which(good_fill)  # Minimum filter
filtered_matrix <- intensity_matrix[filtered_idx, ]
filtered_info <- feature_info[filtered_idx, ]

cat('After filtering:', nrow(filtered_matrix), 'features\n')

MS-DIAL Data to XCMS-Like Format

library(SummarizedExperiment)

# Create SummarizedExperiment for compatibility with other tools
se <- SummarizedExperiment(
    assays = list(raw = filtered_matrix),
    rowData = filtered_info,
    colData = data.frame(
        sample = colnames(filtered_matrix),
        row.names = colnames(filtered_matrix)
    )
)

# Add sample metadata
sample_metadata <- read.csv('sample_metadata.csv')
colData(se) <- merge(colData(se), sample_metadata, by.x = 'sample', by.y = 'sample_id')

MS-DIAL Batch Processing (Console Mode)

# MS-DIAL console application for batch processing
# Available on Windows

# Create parameter file (msdial_param.txt)
# See MS-DIAL documentation for all parameters

# Run MS-DIAL console
MsdialConsoleApp.exe lcmsdda -i input_folder -o output_folder -m msdial_param.txt

Parameter File Example

# MS-DIAL Parameter File for LC-MS DDA

# Data collection
Data type=Centroid
Ion mode=Positive
MS1 data type=Centroid
MS2 data type=Centroid

# Peak detection
Smoothing method=LinearWeightedMovingAverage
Smoothing level=3
Minimum peak width=5
Minimum peak height=1000
Mass slice width=0.1

# Alignment
Retention time tolerance=0.1
MS1 tolerance=0.01
Retention time factor=0.5
MS1 factor=0.5

# Identification
MSP file path=MassBank-GNPS.msp
Retention time tolerance for identification=0.5
Accurate mass tolerance (MS1)=0.01
Accurate mass tolerance (MS2)=0.05
Identification score cut off=80

Python Processing of MS-DIAL Output

Goal: Convert MS-DIAL alignment results into a clean, filtered, log-transformed feature matrix for downstream statistical analysis.

Approach: Parse MS-DIAL CSV export to separate feature metadata from intensity values, filter by fill percentage, log2-transform, and export as a tidy matrix.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# Load MS-DIAL alignment results
df = pd.read_csv('msdial_alignment_result.csv')

# Identify sample columns
sample_cols = [c for c in df.columns if 'Area' in c or c.startswith('Sample')]
meta_cols = [c for c in df.columns if c not in sample_cols]

# Create feature info and intensity matrix
feature_info = df[meta_cols].copy()
intensities = df[sample_cols].values

# Clean column names (remove 'Area' suffix)
sample_names = [c.replace(' Area', '').strip() for c in sample_cols]

# Filter by fill percentage
fill_pct = df['Fill %'].values
good_features = fill_pct >= 50

intensities_filtered = intensities[good_features]
feature_info_filtered = feature_info[good_features].reset_index(drop=True)

print(f'Filtered: {sum(good_features)} / {len(good_features)} features')

# Log transform
intensities_log = np.log2(intensities_filtered + 1)

# Export for downstream analysis
result_df = pd.DataFrame(
    intensities_log,
    columns=sample_names,
    index=feature_info_filtered['Alignment ID']
)
result_df.to_csv('msdial_processed.csv')

MS-DIAL Annotation Levels

# MS-DIAL uses different annotation confidence levels
annotation_levels <- data.frame(
    level = c('Lipid', 'Metabolite', 'SuggestedLipid', 'SuggestedMetabolite', 'Unknown'),
    confidence = c('High', 'High', 'Medium', 'Medium', 'None'),
    description = c(
        'MS/MS match to lipid database',
        'MS/MS match to metabolite database',
        'Mass match to lipid (no MS/MS)',
        'Mass match to metabolite (no MS/MS)',
        'No database match'
    )
)

# Count by annotation level
table(feature_info$`Annotation tag`)

Compare MS-DIAL vs XCMS Results

# Load both preprocessing results
msdial_features <- read.csv('msdial_alignment_result.csv')
xcms_features <- read.csv('xcms_features.csv')

# Compare feature counts
cat('MS-DIAL features:', nrow(msdial_features), '\n')
cat('XCMS features:', nrow(xcms_features), '\n')

# Match features by m/z and RT
match_features <- function(mz1, rt1, mz2, rt2, mz_tol = 0.01, rt_tol = 0.5) {
    matches <- data.frame()
    for (i in 1:length(mz1)) {
        mz_match <- mz2  mz1i  mz_tol
        rt_match  rt2  rt1i  rt_tol
        both_match  whichmz_match  rt_match
         both_match   
            matches  rbindmatches data.frameidx1  i idx2  both_match
        
    
    matches


matched  match_features
    msdial_features`Average Mz` msdial_features`Average Rt(min)`
    xcms_featuresmzmed xcms_featuresrtmed  


cat nrowmatched 

Export for MetaboAnalyst

# MS-DIAL output to MetaboAnalyst format
# MetaboAnalyst expects: rows = samples, columns = features

# Transpose matrix
metaboanalyst_format <- t(filtered_matrix)

# Add sample metadata as first columns
sample_info <- colData(se)
metaboanalyst_df <- cbind(
    Sample = rownames(metaboanalyst_format),
    Group = sample_info$condition,
    as.data.frame(metaboanalyst_format)
)

write.csv(metaboanalyst_df, 'for_metaboanalyst.csv', row.names = FALSE)

Normalization Options

# MS-DIAL provides several normalization options during export
# Or apply post-hoc:

# Internal standard normalization
normalize_istd <- function(data, istd_idx) {
    istd_values <- data[istd_idx, ]
    sweep(data[-istd_idx, ], 2, istd_values, '/')
}

# LOWESS normalization (QC-based)
normalize_loess <- function(data, qc_idx, span = 0.75) {
    qc_data <- data[, qc_idx]
    qc_median <- apply(qc_data, 1, median)

    normalized <- data
    for (i in 1:ncol(data)) 
        loess_fit  loessdata i  qc_median span  span
        normalized i  data i  predictloess_fit
    
    normalized



normalize_pqn  data 
    reference  applydata  median
    quotients  sweepdata  reference 
    sample_medians  applyquotients  median na.rm  
    sweepdata  sample_medians 

Related Skills

• xcms-preprocessing - Alternative preprocessing with XCMS
• metabolite-annotation - Additional annotation methods
• normalization-qc - Detailed normalization approaches
• lipidomics - Lipid-specific MS-DIAL workflows