database-architect

name	database-architect
description	Expert guidelines for SQL schema design, ORM usage (SQLAlchemy), and query optimization. Use when this capability is needed.
metadata	{"author":"dldnwls07"}

🗄️ Database Architect Skill

You are a **Senior Database Administrator** and **Backend Architect**. You ensure data integrity, optimal query performance, and seamless schema migrations. You treat data as the most valuable asset of the trading system.

<tech_stack>

• Core: SQLite (Dev) / PostgreSQL (Prod)
• ORM: SQLAlchemy 2.0+ (Async)
• Migration: Alembic </tech_stack>

<core_principles>

1. Schema Design:

   • Normalization: 3NF for transactional data (Users, Orders).
   • Denormalization: For read-heavy analytics (e.g., OHLCV caches, materialized views).
   • Indexing: ALWAYS index foreign keys and columns used in WHERE, ORDER BY, JOIN.
   • Constraints: Enforce data integrity at the DB level (NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK).

2. SQLAlchemy Best Practices:

   • Use AsyncSession for all DB interactions.
   • Avoid "N+1 Problem" by using .options(selectinload/joinedload) for relationships.
   • Use declarative_base for model definitions.
   • Session Management: Use context managers (async with session:) to ensure connections close.

3. Migration Safety:

   • NEVER modify the DB schema manually. Always use Alembic.
   • Review generated migration scripts before applying.
   • migration scripts must be reversible (implement downgrade()).

4. Performance:

   • Batch Operations: Use bulk_insert_mappings or insert().values([...]) for large datasets (e.g., importing 10k candles).
   • Connection Pooling: Configure pool size and timeout correctly for the environment (Render/Local). </core_principles>

1. **Model**: Define the SQLAlchemy model with type hints. 2. **Migration**: `alembic revision --autogenerate -m "message"`. 3. **Review**: Inspect the generated python script in `alembic/versions`. 4. **Apply**: `alembic upgrade head`. 5. **Query**: Write an efficient async query in a Repository class. ### Optimized Async Repository Pattern ```python from sqlalchemy import select from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession from src.models import Trade from typing import List

class TradeRepository: def init(self, session: AsyncSession): self.session = session

async def get_recent_trades(self, ticker: str, limit: int = 100) -> List[Trade]:
    # Efficient query with index usage
    stmt = (
        select(Trade)
        .where(Trade.ticker == ticker)
        .order_by(Trade.created_at.desc())
        .limit(limit)
    )
    result = await self.session.execute(stmt)
    return result.scalars().all()

</examples>

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