playwright

# Playwright Skill > Opinionated, production-tested Playwright guidance — every pattern includes when (and when *not*) to use it. **50+ reference guides** covering the full Playwright surface: selectors, assertions, fixtures, page objects, network mocking, auth, visual regression, accessibility, API testing, CI/CD, debugging, and more — with TypeScript and JavaScript examples throughout. ## Golden Rules 1. **`getByRole()` over CSS/XPath** — resilient to markup changes, mirrors how users see the page 2. **Never `page.waitForTimeout()`** — use `expect(locator).toBeVisible()` or `page.waitForURL()` 3. **Web-first assertions** — `expect(locator)` auto-retries; `expect(await locator.textContent())` does not 4. **Isolate every test** — no shared state, no execution-order dependencies 5. **`baseURL` in config** — zero hardcoded URLs in tests 6. **Retries: `2` in CI, `0` locally** — surface flakiness where it matters 7. **Traces: `'on-first-retry'`** — rich debugging artifacts without CI slowdown 8. **Fixtures over globals** — share state via `test.extend()`, not module-level variables 9. **One behavior per test** — multiple related `expect()` calls are fine 10. **Mock external services only** — never mock your own app; mock third-party APIs, payment gateways, email ## Guide Index ### Writing Tests | What you're doing | Guide | Deep dive | |---|---|---| | Choosing selectors | [locators.md](core/locators.md) | [locator-strategy.md](core/locator-strategy.md) | | Assertions & waiting | [assertions-and-waiting.md](core/assertions-and-waiting.md) | | | Organizing test suites | [test-organization.md](core/test-organization.md) | [test-architecture.md](core/test-architecture.md) | | Playwright config | [configuration.md](core/configuration.md) | | | Page objects | [page-object-model.md](pom/page-object-model.md) | [pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md](pom/pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md) | | Fixtures & hooks | [fixtures-and-hooks.md](core/fixtures-and-hooks.md) | | | Test data | [test-data-management.md](core/test-data-management.md) | | | Auth & login | [authentication.md](core/authentication.md) | [auth-flows.md](core/auth-flows.md) | | API testing (REST/GraphQL) | [api-testing.md](core/api-testing.md) | | | Visual regression | [visual-regression.md](core/visual-regression.md) | | | Accessibility | [accessibility.md](core/accessibility.md) | | | Mobile & responsive | [mobile-and-responsive.md](core/mobile-and-responsive.md) | | | Component testing | [component-testing.md](core/component-testing.md) | | | Network mocking | [network-mocking.md](core/network-mocking.md) | [when-to-mock.md](core/when-to-mock.md) | | Forms & validation | [forms-and-validation.md](core/forms-and-validation.md) | | | File uploads/downloads | [file-operations.md](core/file-operations.md) | [file-upload-download.md](core/file-upload-download.md) | | Error & edge cases | [error-and-edge-cases.md](core/error-and-edge-cases.md) | | | CRUD flows | [crud-testing.md](core/crud-testing.md) | | | Drag and drop | [drag-and-drop.md](core/drag-and-drop.md) | | | Search & filter UI | [search-and-filter.md](core/search-and-filter.md) | | ### Debugging & Fixing | Problem | Guide | |---|---| | General debugging workflow | [debugging.md](core/debugging.md) | | Specific error message | [error-index.md](core/error-index.md) | | Flaky / intermittent tests | [flaky-tests.md](core/flaky-tests.md) | | Common beginner mistakes | [common-pitfalls.md](core/common-pitfalls.md) | ### Framework Recipes | Framework | Guide | |---|---| | Next.js (App Router + Pages Router) | [nextjs.md](core/nextjs.md) | | React (CRA, Vite) | [react.md](core/react.md) | | Vue 3 / Nuxt | [vue.md](core/vue.md) | | Angular | [angular.md](core/angular.md) | ### Migration Guides | From | Guide | |---|---| | Cypress | [from-cypress.md](migration/from-cypress.md) | | Selenium / WebDriver | [from-selenium.md](migration/from-selenium.md) | ### Architecture Decisions | Question | Guide | |---|---| | Which locator strategy? | [locator-strategy.md](core/locator-strategy.md) | | E2E vs component vs API? | [test-architecture.md](core/test-architecture.md) | | Mock vs real services? | [when-to-mock.md](core/when-to-mock.md) | | POM vs fixtures vs helpers? | [pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md](pom/pom-vs-fixtures-vs-helpers.md) | ### CI/CD & Infrastructure | Topic | Guide | |---|---| | GitHub Actions | [ci-github-actions.md](ci/ci-github-actions.md) | | GitLab CI | [ci-gitlab.md](ci/ci-gitlab.md) | | CircleCI / Azure DevOps / Jenkins | [ci-other.md](ci/ci-other.md) | | Parallel execution & sharding | [parallel-and-sharding.md](ci/parallel-and-sharding.md) | | Docker & containers | [docker-and-containers.md](ci/docker-and-containers.md) | | Reports & artifacts | [reporting-and-artifacts.md](ci/reporting-and-artifacts.md) | | Code coverage | [test-coverage.md](ci/test-coverage.md) | | Global setup/teardown | [global-setup-teardown.md](ci/global-setup-teardown.md) | | Multi-project config | [projects-and-dependencies.md](ci/projects-and-dependencies.md) | ### Specialized Topics | Topic | Guide | |---|---| | Multi-user & collaboration | [multi-user-and-collaboration.md](core/multi-user-and-collaboration.md) | | WebSockets & real-time | [websockets-and-realtime.md](core/websockets-and-realtime.md) | | Browser APIs (geo, clipboard, permissions) | [browser-apis.md](core/browser-apis.md) | | iframes & Shadow DOM | [iframes-and-shadow-dom.md](core/iframes-and-shadow-dom.md) | | Canvas & WebGL | [canvas-and-webgl.md](core/canvas-and-webgl.md) | | Service workers & PWA | [service-workers-and-pwa.md](core/service-workers-and-pwa.md) | | Electron apps | [electron-testing.md](core/electron-testing.md) | | Browser extensions | [browser-extensions.md](core/browser-extensions.md) | | Security testing | [security-testing.md](core/security-testing.md) | | Performance & benchmarks | [performance-testing.md](core/performance-testing.md) | | i18n & localization | [i18n-and-localization.md](core/i18n-and-localization.md) | | Multi-tab & popups | [multi-context-and-popups.md](core/multi-context-and-popups.md) | | Clock & time mocking | [clock-and-time-mocking.md](core/clock-and-time-mocking.md) | | Third-party integrations | [third-party-integrations.md](core/third-party-integrations.md) | ### CLI Browser Automation | What you're doing | Guide | |---|---| | CLI browser interaction | [playwright-cli/SKILL.md](playwright-cli/SKILL.md) | | Core commands (open, click, fill, navigate) | [core-commands.md](playwright-cli/core-commands.md) | | Network mocking & interception | [request-mocking.md](playwright-cli/request-mocking.md) | | Running custom Playwright code | [running-custom-code.md](playwright-cli/running-custom-code.md) | | Multi-session browser management | [session-management.md](playwright-cli/session-management.md) | | Cookies, localStorage, auth state | [storage-and-auth.md](playwright-cli/storage-and-auth.md) | | Test code generation from CLI | [test-generation.md](playwright-cli/test-generation.md) | | Tracing and debugging | [tracing-and-debugging.md](playwright-cli/tracing-and-debugging.md) | | Screenshots, video, PDF | [screenshots-and-media.md](playwright-cli/screenshots-and-media.md) | | Device & environment emulation | [device-emulation.md](playwright-cli/device-emulation.md) | | Complex multi-step workflows | [advanced-workflows.md](playwright-cli/advanced-workflows.md) | ## Language Note All guides include TypeScript and JavaScript examples. When the project uses `.js` files or has no `tsconfig.json`, examples are adapted to plain JavaScript.