e2e-testing

# E2E 测试模式 用于构建稳定、快速和可维护的 E2E 测试套件的全面 Playwright 模式。 ## 测试文件组织 ``` tests/ ├── e2e/ │ ├── auth/ │ │ ├── login.spec.ts │ │ ├── logout.spec.ts │ │ └── register.spec.ts │ ├── features/ │ │ ├── browse.spec.ts │ │ ├── search.spec.ts │ │ └── create.spec.ts │ └── api/ │ └── endpoints.spec.ts ├── fixtures/ │ ├── auth.ts │ └── data.ts └── playwright.config.ts ``` ## 页面对象模型 (POM) ```typescript import { Page, Locator } from '@playwright/test' export class ItemsPage { readonly page: Page readonly searchInput: Locator readonly itemCards: Locator readonly createButton: Locator constructor(page: Page) { this.page = page this.searchInput = page.locator('[data-testid="search-input"]') this.itemCards = page.locator('[data-testid="item-card"]') this.createButton = page.locator('[data-testid="create-btn"]') } async goto() { await this.page.goto('/items') await this.page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') } async search(query: string) { await this.searchInput.fill(query) await this.page.waitForResponse(resp => resp.url().includes('/api/search')) await this.page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') } async getItemCount() { return await this.itemCards.count() } } ``` ## 测试结构 ```typescript import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test' import { ItemsPage } from '../../pages/ItemsPage' test.describe('Item Search', () => { let itemsPage: ItemsPage test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => { itemsPage = new ItemsPage(page) await itemsPage.goto() }) test('should search by keyword', async ({ page }) => { await itemsPage.search('test') const count = await itemsPage.getItemCount() expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0) await expect(itemsPage.itemCards.first()).toContainText(/test/i) await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/search-results.png' }) }) test('should handle no results', async ({ page }) => { await itemsPage.search('xyznonexistent123') await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="no-results"]')).toBeVisible() expect(await itemsPage.getItemCount()).toBe(0) }) }) ``` ## Playwright 配置 ```typescript import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test' export default defineConfig({ testDir: './tests/e2e', fullyParallel: true, forbidOnly: !!process.env.CI, retries: process.env.CI ? 2 : 0, workers: process.env.CI ? 1 : undefined, reporter: [ ['html', { outputFolder: 'playwright-report' }], ['junit', { outputFile: 'playwright-results.xml' }], ['json', { outputFile: 'playwright-results.json' }] ], use: { baseURL: process.env.BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:3000', trace: 'on-first-retry', screenshot: 'only-on-failure', video: 'retain-on-failure', actionTimeout: 10000, navigationTimeout: 30000, }, projects: [ { name: 'chromium', use: { ...devices['Desktop Chrome'] } }, { name: 'firefox', use: { ...devices['Desktop Firefox'] } }, { name: 'webkit', use: { ...devices['Desktop Safari'] } }, { name: 'mobile-chrome', use: { ...devices['Pixel 5'] } }, ], webServer: { command: 'npm run dev', url: 'http://localhost:3000', reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI, timeout: 120000, }, }) ``` ## 不稳定测试模式 ### 隔离 ```typescript test('flaky: complex search', async ({ page }) => { test.fixme(true, 'Flaky - Issue #123') // 测试代码... }) test('conditional skip', async ({ page }) => { test.skip(process.env.CI, 'Flaky in CI - Issue #123') // 测试代码... }) ``` ### 识别不稳定性 ```bash npx playwright test tests/search.spec.ts --repeat-each=10 npx playwright test tests/search.spec.ts --retries=3 ``` ### 常见原因和修复 **竞争条件：** ```typescript // 坏：假设元素已准备就绪 await page.click('[data-testid="button"]') // 好：自动等待定位符 await page.locator('[data-testid="button"]').click() ``` **网络计时：** ```typescript // 坏：任意超时 await page.waitForTimeout(5000) // 好：等待特定条件 await page.waitForResponse(resp => resp.url().includes('/api/data')) ``` **动画计时：** ```typescript // 坏：在动画期间点击 await page.click('[data-testid="menu-item"]') // 好：等待稳定性 await page.locator('[data-testid="menu-item"]').waitFor({ state: 'visible' }) await page.waitForLoadState('networkidle') await page.locator('[data-testid="menu-item"]').click() ``` ## 工件管理 ### 截图 ```typescript await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/after-login.png' }) await page.screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/full-page.png', fullPage: true }) await page.locator('[data-testid="chart"]').screenshot({ path: 'artifacts/chart.png' }) ``` ### 追踪 ```typescript await browser.startTracing(page, { path: 'artifacts/trace.json', screenshots: true, snapshots: true, }) // ... 测试操作 ... await browser.stopTracing() ``` ### 视频 ```typescript // 在 playwright.config.ts 中 use: { video: 'retain-on-failure', videosPath: 'artifacts/videos/' } ``` ## CI/CD 集成 ```yaml # .github/workflows/e2e.yml name: E2E Tests on: [push, pull_request] jobs: test: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v4 - uses: actions/setup-node@v4 with: node-version: 20 - run: npm ci - run: npx playwright install --with-deps - run: npx playwright test env: BASE_URL: ${{ vars.STAGING_URL }} - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4 if: always() with: name: playwright-report path: playwright-report/ retention-days: 30 ``` ## 测试报告模板 ```markdown # E2E 测试报告 **日期：** YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM **持续时间：** Xm Ys **状态：** 通过 / 失败 ## 摘要 - 总计：X | 通过：Y (Z%) | 失败：A | 不稳定：B | 跳过：C ## 失败的测试 ### test-name **文件：** `tests/e2e/feature.spec.ts:45` **错误：** 预期元素可见 **截图：** artifacts/failed.png **建议修复：** [描述] ## 工件 - HTML 报告：playwright-report/index.html - 截图：artifacts/*.png - 视频：artifacts/videos/*.webm - 追踪：artifacts/*.zip ``` ## 钱包 / Web3 测试 ```typescript test('wallet connection', async ({ page, context }) => { // 模拟钱包提供程序 await context.addInitScript(() => { window.ethereum = { isMetaMask: true, request: async ({ method }) => { if (method === 'eth_requestAccounts') return ['0x1234567890123456789012345678901234567890'] if (method === 'eth_chainId') return '0x1' } } }) await page.goto('/') await page.locator('[data-testid="connect-wallet"]').click() await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="wallet-address"]')).toContainText('0x1234') }) ``` ## 金融 / 关键流程测试 ```typescript test('trade execution', async ({ page }) => { // 在生产环境跳过 — 真钱 test.skip(process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production', 'Skip on production') await page.goto('/markets/test-market') await page.locator('[data-testid="position-yes"]').click() await page.locator('[data-testid="trade-amount"]').fill('1.0') // 验证预览 const preview = page.locator('[data-testid="trade-preview"]') await expect(preview).toContainText('1.0') // 确认并等待区块链 await page.locator('[data-testid="confirm-trade"]').click() await page.waitForResponse( resp => resp.url().includes('/api/trade') && resp.status() === 200, { timeout: 30000 } ) await expect(page.locator('[data-testid="trade-success"]')).toBeVisible() }) ```