bloodhound-ad-enumeration

name

bloodhound-ad-enumeration

description

Active Directory enumeration and visualization using BloodHound, ADRecon, and related tools. Use this skill whenever the user needs to map AD relationships, find privilege escalation paths, enumerate GPOs, or visualize attack paths in Windows domains. Trigger on mentions of BloodHound, AD enumeration, privilege escalation, Kerberoasting, GPO analysis, Active Directory reconnaissance, SharpHound, or domain mapping.

BloodHound & Active Directory Enumeration

This skill helps you enumerate and visualize Active Directory relationships to identify privilege escalation paths, lateral movement opportunities, and security misconfigurations.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when you need to:

• Map Active Directory relationships and trust structures
• Find privilege escalation paths in a Windows domain
• Enumerate Group Policy Objects (GPOs) and their configurations
• Identify Kerberoastable service accounts
• Visualize attack paths through AD
• Perform AD health checks and risk assessments
• Collect AD data for offline analysis

Tool Selection Guide

Tool	Best For	Noise Level	Privileges Required
BloodHound + SharpHound	Graph visualization, path finding	Medium-High	Domain user (elevated for full data)
ADRecon	Comprehensive Excel report	Medium	Domain user
AD Explorer	GUI browsing, snapshot comparison	Low	Domain user
Group3r	GPO misconfiguration detection	Low	Domain user
PingCastle	AD health check, risk scoring	Low	Domain user
RustHound-CE	Stealthy ADWS collection	Low	Domain user

BloodHound Deployment

Quick Start (Docker)

# Deploy BloodHound CE
curl -L https://ghst.ly/getbhce | docker compose -f - up

# Access Web UI at http://localhost:8080
# Default credentials: admin / (check logs for password)

Collector Selection

Choose the right collector based on your access level and stealth requirements:

SharpHound (Full Collection)

# Full sweep - most comprehensive but noisy
SharpHound.exe --CollectionMethods All

# Targeted collection - balance of data and stealth
SharpHound.exe --CollectionMethods Group,LocalAdmin,Session,Trusts,ACL

# Stealth mode - LDAP only, minimal noise
SharpHound.exe --Stealth --LDAP

RustHound-CE (Stealthy ADWS)

# Low-noise collection via ADWS
rusthound-ce -d corp.local -u svc.collector -p 'Passw0rd!' -c All -z

AzureHound (Azure AD)

# Azure AD enumeration
Invoke-AzureHound -TenantId <tenant-id> -ClientSecret <secret>

Critical: Running Collectors Elevated

Why elevation matters:

• UAC creates filtered tokens for interactive admins, stripping sensitive privileges
• Non-elevated shells miss high-value privileges like SeBackupPrivilege, SeDebugPrivilege
• BloodHound won't ingest privilege edges from filtered tokens
• Local LPE edges are invisible without elevated collection

Always run collectors elevated when possible to capture:

• Token privileges (SeBackupPrivilege, SeDebugPrivilege, SeImpersonatePrivilege, SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege)
• Logon rights (SeInteractiveLogonRight, SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight, SeNetworkLogonRight, SeServiceLogonRight, SeBatchLogonRight)
• Deny entries that gate lateral movement

Collection Strategies

Strategy 1: GPO/SYSVOL Parsing (Stealthy, Low-Privilege)

Use when: You have normal user access and need to stay quiet

Process:

1. Enumerate GPOs over LDAP: (objectCategory=groupPolicyContainer)
2. Read each gPCFileSysPath to locate GPO files
3. Fetch MACHINE\Microsoft\Windows NT\SecEdit\GptTmpl.inf from SYSVOL
4. Parse [Privilege Rights] section mapping privilege names to SIDs
5. Resolve GPO links via gPLink on OUs/sites/domains
6. Attribute rights to computers in linked containers

Pros: Works with normal user, quiet operation Cons: Only sees GPO-pushed rights, misses local tweaks

Strategy 2: LSA RPC Enumeration (Noisy, Accurate)

Use when: You have local admin on targets and need complete data

Process:

1. From elevated context on target, open Local Security Policy
2. Call LsaEnumerateAccountsWithUserRight for each privilege/logon right
3. Enumerate assigned principals over RPC

Pros: Captures all rights including local modifications Cons: Noisy network traffic, requires admin on every host

Kerberoasting Workflow

Use graph context to keep roasting targeted and efficient:

Step 1: Collect Once, Work Offline

rusthound-ce -d corp.local -u svc.collector -p 'Passw0rd!' -c All -z

Step 2: Import and Query

1. Import the ZIP into BloodHound GUI
2. Mark compromised principal as "owned"
3. Run built-in queries:
   • Kerberoastable Users - Find SPN accounts
   • Shortest Paths to Domain Admins - Prioritize by blast radius

Step 3: Prioritize Targets

Review before cracking:

• pwdLastSet - How old is the password?
• lastLogon - Is the account active?
• Allowed encryption types - What can you crack?

Step 4: Request and Crack

# Request tickets for prioritized SPNs
netexec ldap dc01.corp.local -u svc.collector -p 'Passw0rd!' \
  --kerberoasting kerberoast.txt --spn svc-sql

# Crack offline with hashcat or john

Step 5: Re-query with New Access

After cracking, re-import into BloodHound with new credentials to discover additional paths.

Common Attack Paths

Privilege Escalation via Backup Privilege

CanRDP → Host with SeBackupPrivilege → Elevated shell → 
Read SAM/SYSTEM hives → secretsdump.py → Local Admin hash → Lateral movement

GPO-Based Escalation

GPO with dangerous permissions → Modify GPO → 
Push malicious policy → Domain-wide impact

Trust Abuse

Cross-domain trust → Trust admin rights → 
Domain compromise → Forest-wide access

Other Enumeration Tools

ADRecon (Comprehensive Report)

# Run from Windows host in domain
PS C:\> .\ADRecon.ps1 -OutputDir C:\Temp\ADRecon

Output: Excel report with ACLs, GPOs, trusts, CA templates

AD Explorer (GUI Analysis)

1. Connect to domain controller with domain credentials
2. Create offline snapshot: File → Create Snapshot
3. Compare snapshots: File → Compare to spot permission drifts

Group3r (GPO Analysis)

# Execute inside domain
Group3r.exe -f gpo.log   # -s for stdout

Focus: GPO misconfigurations and dangerous permissions

PingCastle (Health Check)

PingCastle.exe --healthcheck --server corp.local \
  --user bob --password "P@ssw0rd!"

Output: HTML report with risk scoring and remediation guidance

Best Practices

1. Collect once, analyze offline - Minimize noise by doing one thorough collection
2. Prioritize by blast radius - Focus on accounts with admin/infra rights
3. Use stealth collectors first - Start with RustHound-CE or SharpHound --Stealth
4. Mark owned nodes - In BloodHound, mark compromised principals to find paths
5. Combine tools - Use multiple tools to cross-validate findings
6. Document findings - Save snapshots and reports for later analysis

Troubleshooting

BloodHound not showing privilege edges

• Ensure collector ran elevated
• Check if SeBackupPrivilege and similar are in collection
• Try LSA RPC enumeration instead of GPO parsing

SharpHound fails to connect

• Verify domain connectivity
• Check firewall rules for LDAP (389) and RPC (135)
• Ensure account has read permissions on domain objects

No paths found in BloodHound

• Verify data was imported correctly
• Check collection methods - try All instead of targeted
• Ensure you marked owned nodes correctly

References

• BloodHound GitHub
• RustHound-CE
• Beyond ACLs: Mapping Windows Privilege Escalation
• ADRecon
• PingCastle Documentation