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设计、实现并重构端口与适配器系统，具有清晰的领域边界、依赖反转以及跨 TypeScript、Java、Kotlin 和 Go 服务的可测试用例编排。
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| name | hexagonal-architecture |
| description | 设计、实现并重构端口与适配器系统，具有清晰的领域边界、依赖反转以及跨 TypeScript、Java、Kotlin 和 Go 服务的可测试用例编排。 |
| origin | ECC |
六边形架构（端口与适配器）使业务逻辑独立于框架、传输层和持久化细节。核心应用依赖于抽象端口，而适配器在边缘实现这些端口。
当需求涉及边界、领域驱动设计、重构紧耦合服务，或将应用逻辑与特定库解耦时，使用此技能。
出站端口接口通常位于应用层（仅当抽象真正属于领域层时才位于领域层），而基础设施适配器实现它们。
依赖方向始终向内：
定义具有清晰输入和输出DTO的单个用例。将传输细节（Express req、GraphQL context、任务负载包装器）保持在此边界之外。
将每个副作用识别为端口：
UserRepositoryPort）BillingGatewayPort）LoggerPort、ClockPort）端口应建模能力，而非技术。
用例类/函数通过构造函数/参数接收端口。它验证应用层不变量，协调领域规则，并返回纯数据结构。
实例化适配器，然后将其注入用例。保持此连接集中化，以避免隐藏的服务定位器行为。
flowchart LR
Client["Client (HTTP/CLI/Worker)"] --> InboundAdapter["Inbound Adapter"]
InboundAdapter -->|"calls"| UseCase["UseCase (Application Layer)"]
UseCase -->|"uses"| OutboundPort["OutboundPort (Interface)"]
OutboundAdapter["Outbound Adapter"] -->|"implements"| OutboundPort
OutboundAdapter --> ExternalSystem["DB/API/Queue"]
UseCase --> DomainModel["DomainModel"]
使用以功能为先的组织方式，并带有显式边界：
src/
features/
orders/
domain/
Order.ts
OrderPolicy.ts
application/
ports/
inbound/
CreateOrder.ts
outbound/
OrderRepositoryPort.ts
PaymentGatewayPort.ts
use-cases/
CreateOrderUseCase.ts
adapters/
inbound/
http/
createOrderRoute.ts
outbound/
postgres/
PostgresOrderRepository.ts
stripe/
StripePaymentGateway.ts
composition/
ordersContainer.ts
export interface OrderRepositoryPort {
save(order: Order): Promise<void>;
findById(orderId: string): Promise<Order | null>;
}
export interface PaymentGatewayPort {
authorize(input: { orderId: string; amountCents: number }): Promise<{ authorizationId: string }>;
}
type CreateOrderInput = {
orderId: string;
amountCents: number;
};
type CreateOrderOutput = {
orderId: string;
authorizationId: string;
};
export class CreateOrderUseCase {
constructor(
private readonly orderRepository: OrderRepositoryPort,
private readonly paymentGateway: PaymentGatewayPort
) {}
async execute(input: CreateOrderInput): Promise<CreateOrderOutput> {
const order = Order.create({ id: input.orderId, amountCents: input.amountCents });
const auth = await this.paymentGateway.authorize({
orderId: order.id,
amountCents: order.amountCents,
});
// markAuthorized returns a new Order instance; it does not mutate in place.
const authorizedOrder = order.markAuthorized(auth.authorizationId);
await this.orderRepository.save(authorizedOrder);
return {
orderId: order.id,
authorizationId: auth.authorizationId,
};
}
}
export class PostgresOrderRepository implements OrderRepositoryPort {
constructor(private readonly db: SqlClient) {}
async save(order: Order): Promise<void> {
await this.db.query(
"insert into orders (id, amount_cents, status, authorization_id) values ($1, $2, $3, $4)",
[order.id, order.amountCents, order.status, order.authorizationId]
);
}
async findById(orderId: string): Promise<Order | null> {
const row = await this.db.oneOrNone("select * from orders where id = $1", [orderId]);
return row ? Order.rehydrate(row) : null;
}
}
export const buildCreateOrderUseCase = (deps: { db: SqlClient; stripe: StripeClient }) => {
const orderRepository = new PostgresOrderRepository(deps.db);
const paymentGateway = new StripePaymentGateway(deps.stripe);
return new CreateOrderUseCase(orderRepository, paymentGateway);
};
在不同生态系统中使用相同的边界规则；仅语法和连接方式发生变化。
application/ports/* 作为接口/类型。adapters/inbound/*、adapters/outbound/*。domain、application.port.in、application.port.out、application.usecase、adapter.in、adapter.out。application.port.* 中的接口。@Service 是可选的，非必需）。domain、application.port、application.usecase、adapter）。internal/<feature>/domain、application、ports、adapters/inbound、adapters/outbound。New... 构造函数的结构体。cmd/<app>/main.go 中连接（或专用连接包），保持构造函数显式。req、res 或队列元数据读取。