powershell

## What I do - Automate Windows administration tasks - Manage Active Directory and Exchange - Configure Azure and Microsoft 365 - Process data and generate reports - Manage Windows services and processes - Interact with REST APIs - Handle JSON, XML, and CSV data - Create Desired State Configuration - Build GUI tools with WinForms/WPF - Manage Hyper-V and Azure VMs ## When to use me When automating Windows Server, Azure, Microsoft 365, or any Microsoft ecosystem administration tasks. ## Core Concepts - PowerShell cmdlets and Get-Help - Pipeline and object manipulation - Script modules and module manifests - Error handling with try/catch - Remote management with Invoke-Command - DSC (Desired State Configuration) - Pester testing for scripts - Classes and enum types - Workflows and jobs - Azure PowerShell modules ## Code Examples ### Enterprise Administration ```powershell # Cross-server inventory collection function Get-ServerInventory { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string[]]$ComputerName, [PSCredential]$Credential ) $scriptBlock = { $inventory = [PSCustomObject]@{ ComputerName = $env:COMPUTERNAME OS = (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).Caption OSVersion = (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).Version InstallDate = (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).InstallDate LastBootUpTime = (Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem).LastBootUpTime MemoryGB = [math]::Round((Get-CimInstance Win32_ComputerSystem).TotalPhysicalMemory / 1GB, 2) CPU = (Get-CimInstance Win32_Processor | Select-Object -First 1).Name Cores = ((Get-CimInstance Win32_Processor).NumberOfCores | Measure-Object -Sum).Sum Disks = @() NetworkAdapters = @() InstalledSoftware = @() Hotfixes = @() Services = @() ScheduledTasks = @() } # Disk information Get-CimInstance Win32_LogicalDisk -Filter "DriveType=3" | ForEach-Object { $inventory.Disks += [PSCustomObject]@{ Drive = $_.DeviceID SizeGB = [math]::Round($_.Size / 1GB, 2) FreeGB = [math]::Round($_.FreeSpace / 1GB, 2) PercentFree = [math]::Round($_.FreeSpace / $_.Size * 100, 1) } } # Network adapters Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq 'Up'} | ForEach-Object { $inventory.NetworkAdapters += [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = $_.Name MacAddress = $_.MacAddress LinkSpeed = $_.LinkSpeed IPAddresses = (Get-NetIPConfiguration | Where-Object {$_.InterfaceAlias -eq $_.Name}).IPv4Address.IPAddress } } # Installed software Get-Package | Where-Object {$_.ProviderName -eq 'Programs'} | ForEach-Object { $inventory.InstalledSoftware += [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = $_.Name Version = $_.Version ProviderName = $_.ProviderName } } # Windows updates Get-CimInstance -Query "SELECT * FROM Win32_QuickFixEngineering" | ForEach-Object { $inventory.Hotfixes += $_.HotFixID } # Running services Get-Service | Where-Object {$_.Status -eq 'Running'} | ForEach-Object { $inventory.Services += $_.Name } return $inventory } $params = @{ ScriptBlock = $scriptBlock ErrorAction = 'SilentlyContinue' } if ($Credential) { $params.Credential = $Credential } foreach ($computer in $ComputerName) { Write-Progress "Collecting inventory from $computer" Invoke-Command @params -ComputerName $computer } } # Generate comprehensive report function Export-InventoryReport { param( [string[]]$ComputerName, [string]$OutputPath = ".\InventoryReport" ) $data = Get-ServerInventory -ComputerName $ComputerName # Export to JSON $data | ConvertTo-Json -Depth 10 | Out-File "$OutputPath.json" # Generate HTML report $html = @" <html> <head> <style> body { font-family: Arial; margin: 20px; } table { border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; } th, td { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 8px; text-align: left; } th { background-color: #4CAF50; color: white; } tr:nth-child(even) { background-color: #f2f2f2; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Server Inventory Report</h1> <p>Generated: $(Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss')</p> <p>Total Servers: $($data.Count)</p> </body> </html> "@ $html | Out-File "$OutputPath.html" Write-Host "Report exported to $OutputPath" -ForegroundColor Green } ``` ### Azure Management ```powershell # Azure VM lifecycle management function Invoke-AzureVMLifecycle { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string]$ResourceGroupName, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [ValidateSet('Start', 'Stop', 'Restart', 'Deallocate')] [string]$Action, [string]$VmName = "*", [switch]$WhatIf ) # Ensure logged in if (-not (Get-AzContext)) { Connect-AzAccount } $vms = Get-AzVM -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName -Name $VmName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue foreach ($vm in $vms) { switch ($Action) { 'Start' { if ($WhatIf) { Write-Host "[WHATIF] Would start VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow } else { Write-Host "Starting VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Green $vm | Start-AzVM -NoWait } } 'Stop' { if ($WhatIf) { Write-Host "[WHATIF] Would stop VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow } else { Write-Host "Stopping VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow $vm | Stop-AzVM -Force } } 'Restart' { if ($WhatIf) { Write-Host "[WHATIF] Would restart VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow } else { Write-Host "Restarting VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Cyan $vm | Restart-AzVM } } 'Deallocate' { if ($WhatIf) { Write-Host "[WHATIF] Would deallocate VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow } else { Write-Host "Deallocating VM: $($vm.Name)" -ForegroundColor Yellow $vm | Stop-AzVM -Force } } } } } # Azure resource inventory function Get-AzureResourceInventory { param( [string]$Subscription = "*", [string]$ResourceType = "*" ) $inventory = @() Get-AzSubscription -Name $Subscription | Select-AzSubscription | ForEach-Object { Get-AzResource -ResourceType $ResourceType | ForEach-Object { $inventory += [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = $_.Name ResourceType = $_.ResourceType ResourceGroup = $_.ResourceGroupName Location = $_.Location Tags = ($_.Tags.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object { "$($_.Key)=$($_.Value)" }) -join ", " CreatedTime = $_.CreatedTime } } } return $inventory | Sort-Object ResourceType, Name } ``` ### Desired State Configuration ```powershell configuration AppServerConfig { param( [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string[]]$NodeName, [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [string]$AppName, [string]$Version = "1.0.0" ) Import-DscResource -ModuleName PSDesiredStateConfiguration -ModuleVersion 1.1 Import-DscResource -ModuleName xWebAdministration -ModuleVersion 3.2.0 node $NodeName { WindowsFeature WebServer { Name = "Web-Server" Ensure = "Present" } WindowsFeature ASPNet45 { Name = "Web-Asp-Net45" Ensure = "Present" DependsOn = "[WindowsFeature]WebServer" } xWebsite DefaultSite { Name = "Default Web Site" BindingInfo = @( MSFT_xWebBindingInformation { Protocol = "http" Port = 80 } ) PhysicalPath = "C:\inetpub\wwwroot" DependsOn = "[WindowsFeature]WebServer" } File AppDirectory { DestinationPath = "C:\Apps\$AppName" Ensure = "Present" Type = "Directory" } xRemoteFile DownloadPackage { Uri = "https://example.com/packages/$AppName-$Version.zip" DestinationPath = "C:\Apps\$AppName\package.zip" DependsOn = "[File]AppDirectory" } Archive ExtractPackage { Path = "C:\Apps\$AppName\package.zip" Destination = "C:\Apps\$AppName" DependsOn = "[xRemoteFile]DownloadPackage" } Service AppService { Name = $AppName State = "Running" StartupType = "Automatic" DependsOn = "[Archive]ExtractPackage" } } } # Apply configuration AppServerConfig -NodeName "APP-SRV01", "APP-SRV02" -AppName "MyApplication" -Version "2.1.0" Start-DscConfiguration -Path ".\AppServerConfig" -Wait -Verbose -Force ``` ## Best Practices - Use `Write-Progress` for long-running operations - Always use `-ErrorAction Stop` for critical operations - Validate parameters with `[ValidateSet()]`, `[Parameter()]` - Use `ShouldProcess` for confirmation prompts - Return objects from functions for pipeline use - Use `Import-Module` with minimum required version - Profile modules for performance bottlenecks - Use Pester for unit and integration testing - Follow verb-noun naming convention strictly - Document functions with comment-based help