container-security

name	container-security
description	Docker image hardening, rootless containers, K8s security contexts, network policies, pod security standards, and OPA/Gatekeeper policies
triggers	["container security","docker hardening","rootless container","k8s security","pod security","network policy","security context","OPA","gatekeeper"]

Container Security

Harden Docker images, enforce Kubernetes security policies, and implement defense-in-depth for containerized services.

Docker Image Hardening

# Multi-stage, minimal, rootless
FROM python:3.10-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /build
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --prefix=/install -r requirements.txt

FROM python:3.10-slim
RUN groupadd -r appuser && useradd --no-log-init -r -g appuser appuser
COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser src/ /app/src/
WORKDIR /app
USER appuser
EXPOSE 8000
HEALTHCHECK CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health')"
ENTRYPOINT ["python", "-m", "uvicorn", "jarvis.api.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0"]

Hardening Checklist

• Use specific image tags, never latest
• Multi-stage builds (separate build/runtime)
• Run as non-root user (USER directive)
• No secrets in image layers
• Minimal base image (slim/alpine/distroless)
• HEALTHCHECK defined
• Read-only filesystem where possible
• No unnecessary packages or tools

Kubernetes Security Context

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      securityContext:
        runAsNonRoot: true
        runAsUser: 1000
        fsGroup: 1000
        seccompProfile:
          type: RuntimeDefault
      containers:
        - name: jarvis-api
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            capabilities:
              drop: ["ALL"]
          volumeMounts:
            - name: tmp
              mountPath: /tmp
      volumes:
        - name: tmp
          emptyDir: {}

Network Policies

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: jarvis-api-netpol
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app: jarvis-api
  policyTypes: [Ingress, Egress]
  ingress:
    - from:
        - podSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app: ingress-nginx
      ports:
        - port: 8000
  egress:
    - to:
        - podSelector:
            matchLabels:
              app: postgres
      ports:
        - port: 5432
    - to:  # DNS
        - namespaceSelector: {}
      ports:
        - port: 53
          protocol: UDP

Scanning Commands

# Scan Docker image
trivy image jarvis-fresh:latest --severity HIGH,CRITICAL

# Scan K8s manifests
trivy config k8s/ --severity HIGH,CRITICAL

# Scan running cluster
trivy k8s --report summary cluster