Use when user requests diagrams, flowcharts, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, component diagrams, ER diagrams, architecture charts, or visualizations — including generating a diagram from existing source code, or rendering/extracting PlantUML embedded in a Markdown file to images (e.g. preparing docs for Confluence/Notion). Also use proactively when explaining systems with 3+ components, APIs, data flows, or class hierarchies. Generates .puml files and exports to PNG/SVG via Kroki API (no local install required).
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SKILL.md
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name
plantuml-skill
description
Use when user requests diagrams, flowcharts, sequence diagrams, class diagrams, component diagrams, ER diagrams, architecture charts, or visualizations — including generating a diagram from existing source code, or rendering/extracting PlantUML embedded in a Markdown file to images (e.g. preparing docs for Confluence/Notion). Also use proactively when explaining systems with 3+ components, APIs, data flows, or class hierarchies. Generates .puml files and exports to PNG/SVG via Kroki API (no local install required).
license
MIT
homepage
https://github.com/Agents365-ai/plantuml-skill
compatibility
Requires curl on PATH (pre-installed on macOS/Linux/Windows Git Bash). Default renderer is the public Kroki API at https://kroki.io; can also point to a local Kroki Docker instance, or fall back to a local PlantUML jar + Java + Graphviz.
Generate .puml PlantUML diagram files and export to PNG/SVG using Kroki — a cloud rendering API that requires no local installation beyond curl.
Format:.puml (PlantUML text)
Renderer: Kroki API (https://kroki.io) — just curl, no Java needed
Output: PNG, SVG
Diagram types: sequence, component, class, ER, activity, use case, state, C4, and more
curl is available on all modern systems. If missing, install via package manager.
Step 2: Pick Diagram Type
Choose the most appropriate PlantUML diagram type (see reference below).
Step 3: Generate .puml File
Write the PlantUML source file with @startuml / @enduml markers.
Step 4: Export via Kroki (capture the HTTP status)
Pick the backend first. The default below (public Kroki) uploads the .puml source to kroki.io — for sensitive diagrams use a local backend instead, and never silently fall back. See references/rendering-backends.md. For local Kroki, swap https://kroki.io → http://localhost:8000.
# PNG (recommended) — keep the status code so Step 5 can verify it
http=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o diagram.png \
-X POST https://kroki.io/plantuml/png \
-H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
--data-binary "@diagram.puml")
echo"HTTP $http"# SVG
http=$(curl -s -w "%{http_code}" -o diagram.svg \
-X POST https://kroki.io/plantuml/svg \
-H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
--data-binary "@diagram.puml")
echo"HTTP $http"
Step 5: Validate & self-correct (loop — do NOT skip)
Never report success on a blind curl. Verify the output first; treat the export as failed if any of these hold:
$http is not 200. Kroki returns 400 on a syntax error and writes the error text into the output file, so a .png can exist yet be broken.
The file is empty: [ -s diagram.png ] fails.
The bytes aren't a real image: file diagram.png should report PNG image data; for SVG the file should start with <svg or <?xml.
if [ "$http" != "200" ] || [ ! -s diagram.png ]; thenecho"Render failed — Kroki said:"cat diagram.png # the 400 body holds the offending line + reasonfi
On failure: cat the output file to read Kroki's error, fix the flagged .puml line (see Common Mistakes), then re-run Step 4. Repeat up to 3 times. If a targeted line fix doesn't clear it, degrade in this order, re-rendering after each step — stop as soon as it renders:
switch to a simpler diagram type rather than forcing the current one
For a per-diagram-type error catalog and the Kroki safe subset, read references/kroki-troubleshooting.md. If it still fails after 3 tries, stop and show the user the raw Kroki error — do not claim the diagram was produced.
Step 6: Self-check (vision)
The Step 5 loop only proves Kroki returned a valid image — not that the diagram is readable. After it renders, use the agent's vision capability to read the PNG and catch what auto-layout (Graphviz) can't prevent. PlantUML positions everything itself, so the failures here are about readability, not your coordinates:
Check
What to look for
Fix
Label truncation / overrun
Text clipped or spilling past a box
Shorten the label, wrap in "…", or break with \n
Component overlap / cramped
Boxes touching or crowded; unreadable
Add together { }, layout hints, or split the diagram
Wrong orientation / aspect
Diagram far too wide or too tall to read
Switch left to right direction ↔ top to bottom direction
Edge spaghetti
Many relations crossing, hard to follow
Reorder declarations, group with package/together, or add hidden edges for layout
Wrong diagram type
Type doesn't suit the content
Switch type (sequence, state, C4, …)
Low contrast
Text blends into the fill / theme
Adjust skinparam / !theme so text contrasts the fill
Max 2 self-check rounds — if issues remain after 2 fixes, show the user anyway.
Re-render (Step 4) and re-validate (Step 5) after every fix.
If vision is unavailable, skip self-check and show the PNG directly.
Step 7: Review loop
After self-check, show the exported image and collect feedback. Apply the minimal .puml edit for each request, then re-render and re-validate:
User request
Edit action
Change a label
Edit the element / message text in the .puml
Add / remove an element or relation
Add or delete the matching line
Change a color
skinparam, !theme, or an inline #color on the element
Change layout direction
Swap left to right direction ↔ top to bottom direction
Restructure / group
Wrap related elements in a package / together { }, or regenerate
Overwrite the same diagram.puml / output file each round — don't create v1, v2, …
Safety valve: after 5 rounds, suggest the user fine-tune the .puml directly or at plantuml.com.
Step 8: Report to User
Only after Steps 5–7 pass. Tell the user:
Path to the .puml source file
Path to the exported PNG/SVG
Brief description of what was generated
Which backend rendered it, and whether the source left the machine — e.g. "via public Kroki (uploaded to kroki.io)" vs "via local Kroki (stayed local)"
Import Workflows
Two non-default modes — load the linked playbook when triggered, then run the same Step 4–8 loop:
Generate a diagram from existing source code — class diagram of a module, sequence from a request handler, component map of a repo, ER from ORM models. Read the code, extract the real entities/relationships, draw only what's there. → references/from-source-code.md
Render PlantUML embedded in Markdown — extract ```plantuml / ```puml blocks (and linked .puml), render each to an image, and rewrite the Markdown with image links (e.g. to publish to Confluence / Notion, which don't render fenced PlantUML). → references/markdown-embed.md
Diagram Types
Type
Keyword
Use for
Sequence
@startuml + sequence syntax
API calls, protocol flows, message passing
Component
@startuml + components
service architecture, module dependencies
Class
@startuml + class syntax
OOP models, data structures
ER / Entity
@startuml + entity syntax
database schemas
Activity
@startuml + activity syntax
workflows, business processes
Use Case
@startuml + actor/usecase
system requirements, user stories
State
@startuml + state syntax
state machines, lifecycle
C4 Context
@startuml + C4 includes
high-level system context maps
Mind Map
@startmindmap
topic breakdowns, concept maps
Gantt
@startgantt
project timelines, schedules
Syntax Reference
Component / Architecture Diagram
@startuml
!theme plain
title Microservices Architecture
actor "Client" as client
rectangle "API Gateway" as gateway #LightBlue
rectangle "Services" {
component "User Service" as user
component "Order Service" as order
}
database "User DB" as userdb
database "Order DB" as orderdb
queue "Kafka" as kafka
client --> gateway
gateway --> user
gateway --> order
user --> userdb
order --> orderdb
order --> kafka : events
@enduml
Shape types:
actor "Name" as id — stick figure (user, external actor)
component "Name" as id — component box with [brackets]
rectangle "Name" as id — plain rectangle (for groups/layers)
database "Name" as id — cylinder (database)
queue "Name" as id — queue symbol
cloud "Name" as id — cloud shape (external services)
@startuml
!theme plain
title Login Flow
participant "Client" as C
participant "API Gateway" as G
participant "Auth Service" as A
database "User DB" as D
C -> G : POST /login
G -> A : validateCredentials(user, pass)
A -> D : SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = ?
D --> A : user record
A --> G : 200 OK + JWT token
G --> C : { token: "..." }
@enduml
Arrow types:
A -> B — synchronous call
A --> B — return / dashed
A ->> B — async message
A -[#red]-> B — colored arrow
activate A / deactivate A — show activation box
Class Diagram
@startuml
!theme plain
class User {
+int id
+String name
+String email
+login() : bool
+logout()
}
class Order {
+int id
+Date createdAt
+float total
+place()
+cancel()
}
class Product {
+int id
+String name
+float price
}
User "1" --> "*" Order : places
Order "*" --> "*" Product : contains
@enduml
Relationships:
A --> B — association
A --|> B — inheritance
A ..|> B — implements interface
A *-- B — composition
A o-- B — aggregation
A "1" --> "*" B : label — with multiplicities
ER Diagram
@startuml
!theme plain
entity "USER" as user {
* id : int <<PK>>
--
name : varchar
email : varchar
created_at : datetime
}
entity "ORDER" as ord {
* id : int <<PK>>
--
* user_id : int <<FK>>
total : decimal
status : varchar
}
entity "PRODUCT" as prod {
* id : int <<PK>>
--
name : varchar
price : decimal
}
user ||--o{ ord : places
ord }o--|{ prod : contains
@enduml
C4 uses the bundled C4-PlantUML standard library via !include <C4/...>, which Kroki and recent local jars resolve with no network fetch. Export with the standardplantuml endpoint (the c4plantuml Kroki type also works).
@startuml
!include <C4/C4_Context>
title System Context — Internet Banking
Person(customer, "Banking Customer", "A customer of the bank")
System(banking, "Internet Banking System", "Lets customers view their accounts")
System_Ext(mail, "E-mail System", "The internal Microsoft Exchange system")
Rel(customer, banking, "Uses", "HTTPS")
Rel(banking, mail, "Sends e-mail via", "SMTP")
@enduml
Other levels: <C4/C4_Container> (Container, ContainerDb), <C4/C4_Component> (Component). Common macros: Person, System, System_Ext, Container, Rel, Boundary. Do not use a remote !includeurl https://… — Kroki cannot fetch external URLs; always use the bundled <C4/…> form.
Export Commands
Quick reference for the renderer variants. The Kroki ones drop the status capture for brevity — when actually exporting, use the Step 4 form and run the Step 5 validation loop.
# PNG via Kroki API (recommended)
curl -s -X POST https://kroki.io/plantuml/png \
-H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
--data-binary "@diagram.puml" \
-o diagram.png
# SVG via Kroki API
curl -s -X POST https://kroki.io/plantuml/svg \
-H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
--data-binary "@diagram.puml" \
-o diagram.svg
# Via local Kroki Docker (offline)
curl -s -X POST http://localhost:8000/plantuml/png \
-H "Content-Type: text/plain" \
--data-binary "@diagram.puml" \
-o diagram.png
# Via local PlantUML jar (if installed)
java -jar plantuml.jar diagram.puml
# Output: diagram.png in same directory
Quick table below; for a per-diagram-type error catalog, the Kroki safe subset, and the failure-degradation ladder, see references/kroki-troubleshooting.md.
Mistake
Fix
curl POST returns HTML error page
Check network; try curl -v to see error details
Kroki returns 400 Bad Request
cat the output file — Kroki wrote the offending line + reason there; fix it and re-render via the Step 5 loop. Validate syntax at https://www.plantuml.com/plantuml/uml/
Arrow direction unexpected
Use --> for downward/right; explicitly use -up->, -down->, -left->, -right->
Diagram too large/crowded
Split into multiple diagrams or use package/rectangle grouping
Missing @startuml / @enduml
Always wrap diagram in these markers
Special chars in labels
Wrap in quotes: "Label: value"
C4 includes not found
Use the bundled !include <C4/C4_Context> (resolved on the standard plantuml endpoint and c4plantuml); never a remote !includeurl https://… — Kroki cannot fetch external URLs
Component overlap
Use together { } or explicit layout hints (top to bottom direction)
Sequence participants out of order
Declare participant explicitly at top in desired left-to-right order
