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MuJoCo 物理仿真开发技能 - 高性能物理引擎、强化学习环境、MJCF 模型、GPU 加速
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Baseado na classificação ocupacional SOC
视觉语言动作模型 Vision-Language-Action 技能 - VLA 机器人控制、UniDiffuser、World Action Model
视觉语言导航 Vision-Language Navigation 技能 - VLN 自然语言导航、HF-RCN/R罗汉导航智能体
CARLA-Air 空地一体仿真技能 - 车辆+无人机联合仿真、ROS2 Humble 桥接
AI Agent 技能引导 — 加载上下文、路由技能、创建新技能
ROS2 CMakeLists.txt 依赖检查规则库 - 禁止省略ament_export_dependencies、禁止裸消息类型、禁止find_package不写REQUIRED
机器人感知系统技能库 - 视觉感知、激光雷达感知、传感器融合、边缘推理、标定
| name | mujoco |
| description | MuJoCo 物理仿真开发技能 - 高性能物理引擎、强化学习环境、MJCF 模型、GPU 加速 |
| argument-hint | mujoco仿真 OR 强化学习 OR MJCF模型 OR 机器人控制 |
| user-invocable | true |
用于 MuJoCo 物理仿真环境的配置和开发
当需要以下帮助时使用此技能：
# 安装 mujoco-py
pip install mujoco-py
# 或安装 mujoco (新版本)
pip install mujoco
# 下载 MuJoCo 引擎
# https://github.com/deepmind/mujoco/releases
# 解压到 ~/.mujoco/mujoco200
import mujoco
import mujoco.viewer as viewer
# 加载模型
model = mujoco.MjModel.from_xml_path("robot.xml")
data = model.data
# 创建查看器
v = viewer.launch_passive(model, data)
# 仿真循环
for _ in range(1000):
mujoco.mj_step(model, data)
v.sync()
<mujoco model="my_robot">
<!-- 编译器设置 -->
<compiler angle="radian" meshdir="meshes" autolimits="true"/>
<!-- 选项设置 -->
<option timestep="0.002" integrator="Euler" iterations="50" tolerance="1e-10"/>
<!-- 全局设置 -->
<global>
<gravity gravity="0 0 -9.81"/>
<wind wind="0 0 0"/>
<density density="1.0"/>
<viscosity viscosity="0.0"/>
</global>
<!-- 世界资源 -->
<worldbody>
<!-- 地面 -->
<geom type="plane" size="10 10 0.1" rgba="0.5 0.5 0.5 1" friction="0.4 0.005 0.0001"/>
<!-- 光照 -->
<light pos="0 0 5" dir="0 0 -1" diffuse="0.8 0.8 0.8" specular="0.3 0.3 0.3"/>
</worldbody>
<!-- 关节驱动 -->
<actuator>
<motor joint="shoulder" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-50 50" gear="100"/>
</actuator>
</mujoco>
<mujoco model="biped_robot">
<compiler angle="radian" meshdir="meshes" autolimits="true"/>
<option timestep="0.002" iterations="100" solver="Newton" gravity="0 0 -9.81"/>
<worldbody>
<!-- 躯干 -->
<body name="torso" pos="0 0 1.0">
<freejoint/>
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="8" diaginertia="0.1 0.08 0.08"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.07 0.2" rgba="0.4 0.4 0.4 1" friction="0.5"/>
<!-- 头部 -->
<body name="head" pos="0 0 0.25">
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="1.5" diaginertia="0.01 0.01 0.01"/>
<geom type="sphere" size="0.1" rgba="0.6 0.6 0.6 1"/>
<!-- 眼睛传感器 -->
<camera name="eye" pos="0.05 0 0.05" fovy="90"/>
</body>
<!-- 左腿 -->
<body name="left_hip" pos="0 0.1 -0.2">
<joint name="hip_flexion" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-90 90" damping="0.1"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.1" mass="2" diaginertia="0.02 0.01 0.02"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.04 0.2" rgba="0.3 0.3 0.3 1"/>
<body name="left_knee" pos="0 0 -0.2">
<joint name="knee" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-150 0" damping="0.1"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.1" mass="1.5" diaginertia="0.015 0.01 0.015"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.035 0.2" rgba="0.35 0.35 0.35 1"/>
<body name="left_foot" pos="0 0 -0.2">
<joint name="ankle" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-45 45" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.05" mass="0.5" diaginertia="0.005 0.003 0.005"/>
<geom type="box" size="0.06 0.04 0.02" rgba="0.2 0.2 0.2 1" friction="1.0 0.005 0.0001"/>
</body>
</body>
</body>
<!-- 右腿 (镜像) -->
<body name="right_hip" pos="0 -0.1 -0.2">
<joint name="hip_flexion" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-90 90" damping="0.1"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.1" mass="2" diaginertia="0.02 0.01 0.02"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.04 0.2" rgba="0.3 0.3 0.3 1"/>
<body name="right_knee" pos="0 0 -0.2">
<joint name="knee" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-150 0" damping="0.1"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.1" mass="1.5" diaginertia="0.015 0.01 0.015"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.035 0.2" rgba="0.35 0.35 0.35 1"/>
<body name="right_foot" pos="0 0 -0.2">
<joint name="ankle" type="hinge" axis="1 0 0" range="-45 45" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 -0.05" mass="0.5" diaginertia="0.005 0.003 0.005"/>
<geom type="box" size="0.06 0.04 0.02" rgba="0.2 0.2 0.2 1" friction="1.0 0.005 0.0001"/>
</body>
</body>
</body>
<!-- 左臂 -->
<body name="left_shoulder" pos="0.15 0 0.15">
<joint name="shoulder_flexion" type="hinge" axis="0 0 1" range="-180 180" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="0.8" diaginertia="0.005 0.005 0.002"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.025 0.15" rgba="0.4 0.4 0.4 1"/>
<body name="left_elbow" pos="0 0 -0.15">
<joint name="elbow" type="hinge" axis="0 0 1" range="-150 0" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="0.5" diaginertia="0.003 0.003 0.001"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.02 0.12" rgba="0.45 0.45 0.45 1"/>
</body>
</body>
<!-- 右臂 -->
<body name="right_shoulder" pos="0.15 0 0.15">
<joint name="shoulder_flexion" type="hinge" axis="0 0 1" range="-180 180" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="0.8" diaginertia="0.005 0.005 0.002"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.025 0.15" rgba="0.4 0.4 0.4 1"/>
<body name="right_elbow" pos="0 0 -0.15">
<joint name="elbow" type="hinge" axis="0 0 1" range="-150 0" damping="0.05"/>
<inertial pos="0 0 0" mass="0.5" diaginertia="0.003 0.003 0.001"/>
<geom type="capsule" size="0.02 0.12" rgba="0.45 0.45 0.45 1"/>
</body>
</body>
</body>
</worldbody>
<!-- 驱动器 -->
<actuator>
<motor joint="hip_flexion" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-50 50" gear="50"/>
<motor joint="knee" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-30 30" gear="30"/>
<motor joint="ankle" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-20 20" gear="20"/>
<motor joint="shoulder_flexion" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-20 20" gear="20"/>
<motor joint="elbow" ctrllimited="true" ctrlrange="-15 15" gear="15"/>
</actuator>
<!-- 传感器 -->
<sensor>
<!-- 触地传感器 -->
<framepos objtype="body" objname="left_foot"/>
<framepos objtype="body" objname="right_foot"/>
<!-- 关节角度 -->
<jointpos joint="hip_flexion"/>
<jointpos joint="knee"/>
<jointpos joint="ankle"/>
<!-- IMU -->
<gyro site="torso"/>
<accelerometer site="torso"/>
</sensor>
</mujoco>
import gymnasium as gym
from gym import spaces
import numpy as np
class MuJoCoEnv(gym.Env):
def __init__(self, model_path="robot.xml"):
super().__init__()
# 加载模型
self.model = mujoco.MjModel.from_xml_path(model_path)
self.data = self.model.data
# 定义空间
self.action_space = spaces.Box(
low=-1, high=1,
shape=(self.model.nu,),
dtype=np.float32
)
self.observation_space = spaces.Box(
low=-np.inf, high=np.inf,
shape=(self.model.nq + self.model.nv + self.model.nu,),
dtype=np.float32
)
def reset(self, seed=None, options=None):
# 重置状态
mujoco.mj_resetData(self.model, self.data)
# 获取观察
obs = self._get_obs()
return obs, {}
def step(self, action):
# 应用控制
self.data.ctrl[:] = action
# 仿真一步
mujoco.mj_step(self.model, self.data)
# 获取结果
obs = self._get_obs()
reward = self._compute_reward()
done = self._is_done()
return obs, reward, done, False, {}
def _get_obs(self):
# 状态 = 关节位置 + 关节速度 + 控制
return np.concatenate([
self.data.qpos, # 关节位置
self.data.qvel, # 关节速度
self.data.ctrl # 控制输入
])
def _compute_reward(self):
# 奖励函数
return 0
def _is_done(self):
# 检查是否终止
return False
def render(self):
# 渲染
pass
from dm_control import suite
import numpy as np
# 加载环境
env = suite.load(domain_name="walker", task_name="run")
# 获取观察和动作规格
action_spec = env.action_spec()
observation_spec = env.observation_spec()
# 运行 episodes
time_step = env.reset()
while not time_step.last():
action = np.random.uniform(action_spec.minimum, action_spec.maximum)
time_step = env.step(action)
print(f"Reward: {time_step.reward}")
def pd_control(model, data, kp=1.0, kd=0.5):
"""PD 控制器"""
# 目标位置 (可以从外部输入)
q_des = np.zeros(model.nq)
qdot_des = np.zeros(model.nv)
# PD 控制
q_error = q_des - data.qpos
qdot_error = qdot_des - data.qvel
# 计算控制力
ctrl = kp * q_error + kd * qdot_error
return ctrl
def impedance_control(model, data, target_pos, k_p=100, k_d=10):
"""阻抗控制器"""
# 当前末端位置 (假设为最后一个 body)
current_pos = data.body_xpos[-1]
# 位置误差
error = target_pos - current_pos
# 阻抗控制力
f = k_p * error - k_d * data.cvel
# 转换为关节力 (简化版)
ctrl = np.zeros(model.nu)
# 实际需要使用 Jacobian
return ctrl
# 检查 GPU 可用性
print(mujoco.get_platform())
# 启用 GPU
model = mujoco.MjModel.from_xml_path("robot.xml",
nthread=4,
nsubsteps=2)
# 使用 dm_control 并行环境
from dm_control import composer
from dm_control import suite
# 创建并行环境
env = suite.load(domain_name="cartpole",
task_name="balance",
visualize_reward=False)
# 并行步骤
for _ in range(1000):
action = env.action_spec().sample()
time_step = env.step(action)
# 关节位置
qpos = data.qpos
# 关节速度
qvel = data.qvel
# 力
qfrc = data.qfrc
# 末端位置
end_effector_pos = data.body_xpos[-1]
# 接触力
contact_force = data.eforce
# 触地检测
for i in range(model.ncon):
contact = data.contact[i]
# contact 包含接触信息
import rclpy
from rclpy.node import Node
import mujoco
class MuJoCoROS2(Node):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__('mujoco_ros2')
# 加载模型
self.model = mujoco.MjModel.from_xml_path('/path/to/robot.xml')
self.data = self.model.data
# 订阅
self.create_subscription(
Float64MultiArray,
'/joint_commands',
self.cmd_callback,
10)
# 定时器
self.timer = self.create_timer(0.002, self.step_callback)
def cmd_callback(self, msg):
self.data.ctrl[:] = msg.data
def step_callback(self):
mujoco.mj_step(self.model, self.data)
# 发布状态
# ...
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