astro-observation-report-cn

# Gravitational-Wave Observational Results Writing Guide A markdown-driven skill encoding document structure, presentation patterns, and statistical conventions from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA collaboration SOTA papers. ## Reference Source - **Reference type**: Uploaded PDF artifact (Physical Review X journal article) - **Reference artifact type**: PDF (peer-reviewed physics journal) - **Reference File Type**: PDF - **Supported outputs**: PDF, DOCX, PPTX - **Default output**: PDF (academic journal manuscript, two-column layout) ## First-Page Layout (Critical) The Physical Review X format places ALL of the following on page 1: 1. Journal header line: "PHYSICAL REVIEW X 9, 011001 (2019)" (centered, small caps) 2. Title (bold, centered, ~14pt) 3. Author line: "B. P. Abbott et al." with collaboration in parentheses 4. Received/revised/published dates 5. Abstract (single paragraph, ~200-250 words, full width or two-column) 6. DOI line and Subject Areas 7. Beginning of I. INTRODUCTION (small-caps heading) **There is NO separate title page or abstract page.** The introduction starts immediately after the abstract on the same page. ## Core Workflow 1. **Establish paper scope** -- Identify event(s), detector network, analysis epoch. Determine measurable parameters (masses, spins, tides, location, inclination) and what is not measurable (postmerger signal). 2. **Structure the manuscript** -- Follow section hierarchy in `references/structure_contract.md`. Architecture: compact first page with abstract + intro -> Methods -> Results (by parameter class) -> Postmerger limits -> Conclusions -> Appendices -> Full author list. 3. **Write the Abstract** -- Single paragraph: detection statement (SNR, detectors, event name, source type), multimessenger context, key parameter constraints with numerical values, model comparison, postmerger upper limits. 4. **Write Methods** -- Bayesian framework, data (PSD, calibration), waveform models (comparison table in Table I), prior choices (high-spin vs low-spin). 5. **Present results by parameter class** -- Canonical order: Localization -> Masses -> Spins -> Tidal parameters -> Postmerger limits. Each class: physical motivation, posterior figures, numerical constraints, model comparison. 6. **Create figures and tables** -- Follow taxonomy and caption conventions in `references/observational_results_patterns.md`. Every results section must have figures. Tables use booktabs style. See the figure list below. 7. **Write conclusions and back matter** -- Summary, comparison to previous work, waveform systematics, future outlook. Follow with Acknowledgments, Appendices (additional model results + injection/recovery), and full author list with affiliations. ## Required Figures (15+ Total) Every GW observational results paper must include figures. The reference contains the following figure types. Even placeholder or simplified versions must be created. | Fig # | Type | Content | |-------|------|---------| | 1 | PSD plot | Detector sensitivity curves (LIGO Hanford, Livingston, Virgo) | | 2 | Model comparison | Relative amplitude and phase differences between waveform models | | 3 | Sky map | Localization with 50%/90% credible regions and EM counterpart | | 4 | 2D posterior | Inclination vs luminosity distance (GW-only and EM-informed) | | 5 | 2D posterior | Component masses (m1-m2) for high-spin and low-spin priors | | 6 | 1D PDF | Effective spin parameter for high-spin and low-spin priors | | 7 | 2D posterior | Effective spin vs mass ratio (degeneracy illustration) | | 8 | Polar plot + PDF | Spin orientations and precession parameter (high-spin) | | 9 | Polar plot + PDF | Spin orientations and precession parameter (low-spin) | | 10 | 2D posterior | Tidal deformability parameters with EOS curves (two panels) | | 11 | 1D PDF | Combined tidal parameter with EOS predictions (two panels) | | 12 | 2D posterior | Tidal parameter vs mass ratio (high-spin vs low-spin) | | 13 | Upper limits | Postmerger strain and radiated energy (two panels) | | 14-15 | Injection study | Parameter recovery validation plots (Appendix B) | ## Running Headers and Page Numbers - **Even pages (left header)**: Shortened article title in small caps (e.g., "PROPERTIES OF THE BINARY NEUTRON STAR MERGER ...") - **Odd pages (right header)**: Journal citation in small caps (e.g., "PHYS. REV. X 9, 011001 (2019)") - **Page numbers**: Bottom center, format "011001-N" where N is sequential - **Page 1 only**: Has journal header "PHYSICAL REVIEW X 9, 011001 (2019)" and article ID footer "2160-3308/19/9(1)/011001(32)" + "Published by the American Physical Society" ## Statistical Conventions - **Uncertainty notation**: Median with asymmetric credible intervals: `x^{+upper}_{-lower}` (e.g., `2.73^{+0.04}_{-0.01} M_\odot`). - **One-sided limits**: `x \in (lower, upper)` for 90% credible intervals bounded by priors. - **HPD intervals**: Smallest interval containing 90% probability, for asymmetric posteriors. - **Credible regions**: 50% (inner, dashed) and 90% (outer, solid) contours for 2D posteriors. - **Bayes factors**: Evidence ratios between competing models. ## Font and Typography - **Reference fonts**: Times-based serif family (Times-Roman, Times-Italic, Times-Bold from the journal), with Computer Modern math symbols. - **Substitute font strategy**: When unavailable, use Times New Roman, TeX Gyre Termes, or STIX Two Text. For CJK content, use a CJK-capable serif font (SimSun, Noto Serif CJK) consistently across the entire document. - **Section headings**: Small caps (e.g., "I. INTRODUCTION"), bold for main sections. - **Subsection headings**: Bold title case (e.g., "A. Bayesian method"). - **Math typesetting**: Numbered display equations, key equations explicitly shown. ## Key Reference Files | File | When to Read | |------|-------------| | `references/structure_contract.md` | When planning the paper outline and section hierarchy | | `references/observational_results_patterns.md` | When writing specific sections, figures, tables, captions | | `references/style_contract.md` | When formatting the final document or resolving layout questions |