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Monorepo configuration — shared configs, package publishing, internal packages, versioning strategies, Git optimization (sparse checkout, worktrees, LFS)
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Ultra UI skill - combines Google's DESIGN.md spec (machine-readable design tokens) with the ui-ux-pro-max knowledge base (91 styles, 161 palettes, 73 font pairings, 161 products, 104 UX guidelines, 25 chart types). Generates lint-clean DESIGN.md files, validates token references and WCAG contrast, exports Tailwind/DTCG tokens, and diffs design systems version-over-version.
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| name | monorepo-config |
| description | Monorepo configuration — shared configs, package publishing, internal packages, versioning strategies, Git optimization (sparse checkout, worktrees, LFS) |
| layer | domain |
| category | build-tools |
| triggers | ["shared config","internal package","package publishing","monorepo config","workspace config","changesets","git monorepo","sparse checkout","git worktree","shallow clone","large repo","git lfs","monorepo"] |
| inputs | ["Monorepo structure and workspace setup needs","Shared configuration requirements across packages","Package publishing and versioning workflows","Internal package dependency management"] |
| outputs | ["Workspace configuration files","Shared config packages (ESLint, TypeScript, Tailwind)","Changesets versioning setup","Internal package build and linking strategies"] |
| linksTo | ["turborepo","pnpm","nx","git-workflow"] |
| linkedFrom | [] |
| preferredNextSkills | ["turborepo","pnpm"] |
| fallbackSkills | ["monorepo"] |
| riskLevel | low |
| memoryReadPolicy | selective |
| memoryWritePolicy | none |
| sideEffects | [] |
Provide expert guidance on configuring monorepo workspaces with shared configs, internal packages, package publishing pipelines, and versioning strategies. Covers pnpm workspaces, Turborepo integration, shared configuration packages, and Changesets for automated versioning and publishing.
Standard monorepo layout with pnpm workspaces:
monorepo/
package.json # Root package.json
pnpm-workspace.yaml # Workspace definition
turbo.json # Turborepo pipeline config
.changeset/ # Changesets config
config.json
packages/
config-eslint/ # Shared ESLint config
config-typescript/ # Shared TypeScript config
config-tailwind/ # Shared Tailwind config
ui/ # Shared UI component library
utils/ # Shared utilities
apps/
web/ # Next.js web app
api/ # API server
docs/ # Documentation site
pnpm-workspace.yaml:
packages:
- "apps/*"
- "packages/*"
Root package.json:
{
"name": "monorepo",
"private": true,
"scripts": {
"build": "turbo build",
"dev": "turbo dev",
"lint": "turbo lint",
"test": "turbo test"
Create a shared ESLint config package that all apps and packages extend.
// packages/config-eslint/package.json
{
"name": "@repo/eslint-config",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"exports": {
"./base": "./base.js",
"./next": "./next.js",
"./react": "./react.js",
"./node": "./node.js"
},
"dependencies": {
"@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^8.0.0",
"@typescript-eslint/parser": "^8.0.0",
"eslint-config-prettier": "^9.1.0",
"eslint-plugin-import": "^2.29.0"
}
}
// packages/config-eslint/base.js
import tsPlugin from "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin";
import tsParser from "@typescript-eslint/parser";
import importPlugin from "eslint-plugin-import";
export default [
{
files: ["**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx"],
plugins: {
"@typescript-eslint": tsPlugin,
import: importPlugin,
},
languageOptions: {
parser: tsParser,
parserOptions: {
projectService: true,
},
},
rules: {
"@typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars": [
"error",
{ argsIgnorePattern: "^_", varsIgnorePattern: "^_" },
],
"@typescript-eslint/consistent-type-imports": "error",
"import/order": [
"error",
{
groups: [
"builtin",
"external",
"internal",
"parent",
"sibling",
"index",
],
"newlines-between": "always",
alphabetize: { order: "asc" },
},
],
"import/no-duplicates": "error",
},
},
];
Consuming in an app:
// apps/web/eslint.config.js
import baseConfig from "@repo/eslint-config/base";
import nextConfig from "@repo/eslint-config/next";
export default [...baseConfig, ...nextConfig];
// packages/config-typescript/package.json
{
"name": "@repo/typescript-config",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"exports": {
"./base": "./base.json",
"./next": "./next.json",
"./react-library": "./react-library.json",
"./node": "./node.json"
}
}
// packages/config-typescript/base.json
{
"$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/tsconfig",
"compilerOptions": {
"strict": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
"moduleResolution": "bundler",
"module": "ESNext",
"target": "ES2022",
"lib": ["ES2022"],
"resolveJsonModule": true,
"isolatedModules": true,
"incremental": true,
"declaration": true,
"declarationMap": true,
"sourceMap": true
},
"exclude": ["node_modules", "dist"]
}
// packages/config-typescript/next.json
{
"$schema": "https://json.schemastore.org/tsconfig",
"extends": "./base.json",
"compilerOptions": {
"lib": ["ES2022", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
"module": "ESNext",
"jsx": "preserve",
"plugins": [{ "name": "next" }],
"paths": {
"@/*": ["./src/*"]
}
}
}
Consuming:
// apps/web/tsconfig.json
{
"extends": "@repo/typescript-config/next",
"include": ["next-env.d.ts", "**/*.ts", "**/*.tsx", ".next/types/**/*.ts"],
"exclude": ["node_modules"]
}
Internal packages used within the monorepo but not published to npm.
// packages/ui/package.json
{
"name": "@repo/ui",
"version": "0.1.0",
"private": true,
"exports": {
".": "./src/index.ts",
"./button": "./src/button.tsx",
"./card": "./src/card.tsx"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@repo/typescript-config": "workspace:*",
"react": "^19.0.0",
"typescript": "^5.7.0"
},
"peerDependencies": {
"react": "^19.0.0"
}
}
Key pattern: source-level imports (no build step for internal packages):
// turbo.json -- internal packages use "transit" (no build task)
{
"$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",
"tasks": {
"build": {
"dependsOn": ["^build"],
"outputs": [".next/**", "dist/**"]
},
"dev": {
"cache": false,
"persistent": true
},
"lint": {
"dependsOn": ["^lint"]
},
"test": {
"dependsOn": ["^build"]
}
}
}
For internal packages consumed via source, Next.js transpiles them automatically:
// apps/web/next.config.js
/** @type {import('next').NextConfig} */
const nextConfig = {
transpilePackages: ["@repo/ui", "@repo/utils"],
};
export default nextConfig;
// .changeset/config.json
{
"$schema": "https://unpkg.com/@changesets/config@3.0.0/schema.json",
"changelog": "@changesets/cli/changelog",
"commit": false,
"fixed": [],
"linked": [["@repo/ui", "@repo/utils"]],
"access": "public",
"baseBranch": "main",
"updateInternalDependencies": "patch",
"ignore": ["@repo/eslint-config", "@repo/typescript-config"]
}
Changeset workflow:
# 1. Developer adds a changeset describing their change
pnpm changeset
# Interactive prompt: select packages, bump type, description
# 2. This creates a markdown file in .changeset/
# .changeset/funny-cats-dance.md
# ---
# "@repo/ui": minor
# "@repo/utils": patch
# ---
# Added new Button variant and updated color utility
# 3. CI or release manager versions packages
pnpm changeset version
# Updates package.json versions and CHANGELOG.md files
# 4. Publish to npm
pnpm changeset publish
GitHub Actions for automated releases:
name: Release
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
release:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
- uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
- uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: 20
cache: pnpm
- run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
- name: Create Release PR or Publish
uses: changesets/action@v1
with:
publish: pnpm release
version: pnpm version-packages
env:
GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
// packages/config-tailwind/tailwind.config.ts
import type { Config } from "tailwindcss";
const config: Omit<Config, "content"> = {
theme: {
extend: {
colors: {
brand: {
50: "#eff6ff",
500: "#3b82f6",
600: "#2563eb",
700: "#1d4ed8",
900: "#1e3a8a",
},
},
borderRadius: {
DEFAULT: "0.5rem",
},
spacing: {
18: "4.5rem",
88: "22rem",
},
},
},
plugins: [],
};
export default config;
// apps/web/tailwind.config.ts
import type { Config } from "tailwindcss";
import sharedConfig from "@repo/config-tailwind/tailwind.config";
const config: Config = {
...sharedConfig,
content: [
"./src/**/*.{ts,tsx}",
"../../packages/ui/src/**/*.{ts,tsx}", // Include shared UI
],
};
export default config;
workspace:* protocol for internal dependencies -- pnpm resolves them to the local package during development and replaces with actual versions on publish.@repo/eslint-config, @repo/typescript-config, @repo/config-tailwind.linked in Changesets to version related packages together.private: true to prevent accidental publishing.transpilePackages in Next.js config for any workspace package imported from source.dependsOn: ["^build"] to ensure dependencies build before dependents.| Pitfall | Problem | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Missing workspace:* protocol | pnpm fetches from npm registry instead of local | Use "@repo/ui": "workspace:*" in dependencies |
Forgetting transpilePackages | Next.js fails to parse TypeScript from workspace packages | Add internal packages to transpilePackages array |
| Circular dependencies between packages | Build fails or infinite loops | Restructure -- extract shared types into a separate @repo/types package |
Running pnpm install in a package subdirectory | Creates a separate lockfile | Always run pnpm install from the monorepo root |
| Publishing without Changesets | Version bumps are manual and error-prone | Use Changesets for automated, consistent versioning |
| Content paths missing shared UI | Tailwind misses classes from workspace packages | Add ../../packages/ui/src/**/*.{ts,tsx} to content array |
Work with only a subset of the repository tree:
# Clone with sparse checkout (cone mode -- recommended)
git clone --sparse --filter=blob:none https://github.com/org/monorepo.git
cd monorepo
git sparse-checkout add packages/web packages/shared libs/utils
CI (GitHub Actions):
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
sparse-checkout: |
packages/web
packages/shared
package.json
pnpm-lock.yaml
sparse-checkout-cone-mode: true
fetch-depth: 1
# Shallow clone (fast CI, no history)
git clone --depth=1 --single-branch https://github.com/org/monorepo.git
# Treeless clone (full history, blobs on demand -- best balance)
git clone --filter=blob:none https://github.com/org/monorepo.git
| Strategy | Clone Time | Full History | Blame/Bisect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full clone | Slow | Yes | Yes |
--depth=1 | Fast | No | No |
--filter=blob:none | Medium | Yes | Yes (on demand) |
--filter=blob:none --sparse | Fast | Yes (sparse) | Yes |
Work on multiple branches simultaneously without stashing:
git worktree add ../monorepo-feature-x feature/new-auth
git worktree add -b hotfix/urgent ../monorepo-hotfix main
git worktree list
git worktree remove ../monorepo-feature-x
Track large binary files without bloating the repo:
git lfs install
git lfs track "*.psd" "*.mp4" "assets/models/**"
git config core.fsmonitor true
git config core.untrackedCache true
git commit-graph write --reachable
git maintenance start
git config protocol.version 2
git config fetch.parallel 4
| Pitfall | Fix |
|---|---|
--depth=1 then git blame | Use --filter=blob:none instead |
| Forgetting lockfile in sparse checkout | Always include root config files |
| LFS pointers in CI | Add git lfs install step or lfs: true |
| Worktree on same branch | Use git worktree add -b new-branch |