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Vercel Functions expert guidance — Serverless Functions, Edge Functions, Fluid Compute, streaming, Cron Jobs, and runtime configuration. Use when configuring, debugging, or optimizing server-side code running on Vercel.
默认使用会先检查来源的 Prompt；你也可以切换为直接命令，或下载本地副本。
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| name | vercel-functions |
| description | Vercel Functions expert guidance — Serverless Functions, Edge Functions, Fluid Compute, streaming, Cron Jobs, and runtime configuration. Use when configuring, debugging, or optimizing server-side code running on Vercel. |
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| validate | [{"pattern":"export\\s+default\\s+function","message":"Use named exports (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE) instead of default export for route handlers","severity":"error","skipIfFileContains":"(?:^|\\n)\\s*['\"]use\\s+client['\"]|export\\s+const\\s+(?:metadata|dynamic|revalidate|fetchCache|runtime)\\b|export\\s+default\\s+(?:async\\s+)?function\\s+\\w*(?:Page|Layout|Loading|Error|NotFound|Sitemap|Template|Default|sitemap|robots|opengraph|manifest)\\b|<[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*|\\{\\s*children\\s*[,}:]|MetadataRoute\\.|from\\s+['\"]next/(?:font|image|link|navigation|headers|cookies)['\"]"},{"pattern":"NextApiRequest|NextApiResponse","message":"NextApiRequest/NextApiResponse are Pages Router types — use Web API Request/Response","severity":"error"},{"pattern":"from\\s+['\"](openai|@anthropic-ai/sdk|anthropic)['\"]|new\\s+(OpenAI|Anthropic)\\(","message":"Direct AI provider SDK detected in route handler. Use the Vercel AI SDK for streaming, tools, and provider abstraction.","severity":"recommended","upgradeToSkill":"ai-sdk","upgradeWhy":"Replace vendor-locked provider SDKs with @ai-sdk/openai or @ai-sdk/anthropic for unified streaming and tool support.","skipIfFileContains":"@ai-sdk/|from\\s+['\"](ai)['\"]|import.*from\\s+['\"](ai)['\"]|streamText|generateText"},{"pattern":"setTimeout\\s*\\(|setInterval\\s*\\(|await\\s+new\\s+Promise\\s*\\([^)]*setTimeout","message":"Long-running or polling logic detected in a serverless handler. Functions have execution time limits.","severity":"recommended","upgradeToSkill":"workflow","upgradeWhy":"Move delayed/polling logic to Vercel Workflow for durable execution with pause, resume, retries, and crash safety.","skipIfFileContains":"use workflow|use step|@vercel/workflow"},{"pattern":"writeFile(Sync)?\\(|createWriteStream\\(|from\\s+['\"](multer|formidable)['\"]|fs\\.writeFile","message":"Local filesystem write detected. Serverless functions have ephemeral, read-only filesystems.","severity":"error","upgradeToSkill":"vercel-storage","upgradeWhy":"Replace local filesystem writes with Vercel Blob, Neon, or Upstash for persistent, platform-native storage.","skipIfFileContains":"@vercel/blob|@upstash/|@neondatabase/"},{"pattern":"export\\s+(async\\s+)?function\\s+(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)\\b","message":"Route handler has no observability instrumentation. Add logging and error tracking for production debugging.","severity":"warn","skipIfFileContains":"console\\.error|logger\\.|captureException|Sentry|@vercel/otel|withTracing"},{"pattern":"from\\s+['\"\"](lru-cache|node-cache|memory-cache)['\"\"]|new\\s+(LRUCache|NodeCache|Map)\\(\\s*\\).*cache","message":"In-process memory cache detected in serverless function. Process memory is not shared across invocations.","severity":"recommended","upgradeToSkill":"runtime-cache","upgradeWhy":"Replace in-process caches with Vercel Runtime Cache (getCache from @vercel/functions) for region-aware caching that persists across invocations.","skipIfFileContains":"getCache|from\\s+['\"\"]\\@vercel/functions['\"\"]"},{"pattern":"maxRetries\\s*[=:]|retryCount\\s*[=:]|retry\\s*\\(\\s*|for\\s*\\([^)]*retry|while\\s*\\([^)]*retry","message":"Manual retry logic detected. Use Vercel Workflow DevKit for automatic retries with durable execution.","severity":"recommended","upgradeToSkill":"workflow","upgradeWhy":"Replace manual retry loops with Workflow DevKit steps that provide automatic retries, crash safety, and observability.","skipIfFileContains":"use workflow|use step|@vercel/workflow|from\\s+['\"\"](workflow)['\"\"]"},{"pattern":"from\\s+['\"](express)['\"\"]|require\\s*\\(\\s*['\"](express)['\"\"\\)]","message":"Express.js detected in a Vercel project. Vercel Functions use the Web Request/Response API — Express middleware, req/res, and app.listen() do not work in serverless.","severity":"recommended","upgradeToSkill":"vercel-functions","upgradeWhy":"Replace Express with Next.js route handlers (export async function GET/POST) or Vercel Functions using the Web Request/Response API.","skipIfFileContains":"export\\s+(async\\s+)?function\\s+(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)|from\\s+['\"\"](next/server|@vercel/functions)['\"\"]"}] |
| retrieval | {"aliases":["serverless functions","api routes","edge functions","lambda"],"intents":["create serverless function","configure function runtime","optimize cold starts","add api route"],"entities":["Serverless Functions","Edge Functions","Fluid Compute","streaming","Cron Jobs"]} |
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You are an expert in Vercel Functions — the compute layer of the Vercel platform.
// app/api/hello/route.ts
export async function GET() {
return Response.json({ message: 'Hello from Node.js' })
}
// app/api/hello/route.ts
export const runtime = 'edge'
export async function GET() {
return new Response('Hello from the Edge')
}
Add "bunVersion": "1.x" to vercel.json to run Node.js functions on Bun instead. ~28% lower latency for CPU-bound workloads. Supports Next.js, Express, Hono, Nitro.
Rust functions run on Fluid Compute with HTTP streaming and Active CPU pricing. Built on the community Rust runtime. Supports environment variables up to 64 KB.
Node.js 24 LTS is now GA on Vercel for both builds and functions. Features V8 13.6, global URLPattern, Undici v7 for faster fetch(), and npm v11.
| Need | Runtime | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Full Node.js APIs, npm packages | nodejs | Full compatibility |
| Lower latency, CPU-bound work | nodejs + Bun | ~28% latency reduction |
| Ultra-low latency, simple logic | edge | <1ms cold start, global |
| Database connections, heavy deps | nodejs | Edge lacks full Node.js |
| Auth/redirect at the edge | edge | Fastest response |
| AI streaming | Either | Both support streaming |
| Systems-level performance | rust (beta) | Native speed, Fluid Compute |
Fluid Compute is the unified execution model for all Vercel Functions (both Node.js and Edge).
Key benefits:
waitUntil / after for post-response tasks| Size | CPU | Memory |
|---|---|---|
| Standard (default) | 1 vCPU | 2 GB |
| Performance | 2 vCPU | 4 GB |
Hobby projects use Standard CPU. The Basic CPU instance has been removed.
waitUntil// Continue work after sending response
import { waitUntil } from '@vercel/functions'
export async function POST(req: Request) {
const data = await req.json()
// Send response immediately
const response = Response.json({ received: true })
// Continue processing in background
waitUntil(async () => {
await processAnalytics(data)
await sendNotification(data)
})
return response
}
after (equivalent)import { after } from 'next/server'
export async function POST(req: Request) {
const data = await req.json()
after(async () => {
await logToAnalytics(data)
})
return Response.json({ ok: true })
}
Zero-config streaming for both runtimes. Essential for AI applications.
export async function POST(req: Request) {
const encoder = new TextEncoder()
const stream = new ReadableStream({
async start(controller) {
for (const chunk of data) {
controller.enqueue(encoder.encode(chunk))
await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 100))
}
controller.close()
},
})
return new Response(stream, {
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'text/event-stream' },
})
}
For AI streaming, use the AI SDK's toUIMessageStreamResponse() (for chat UIs with useChat) which handles SSE formatting automatically.
Schedule function invocations via vercel.json:
{
"crons": [
{
"path": "/api/daily-report",
"schedule": "0 8 * * *"
},
{
"path": "/api/cleanup",
"schedule": "0 */6 * * *"
}
]
}
The cron endpoint receives a normal HTTP request. Verify it's from Vercel:
export async function GET(req: Request) {
const authHeader = req.headers.get('authorization')
if (authHeader !== `Bearer ${process.env.CRON_SECRET}`) {
return new Response('Unauthorized', { status: 401 })
}
// Do scheduled work
return Response.json({ ok: true })
}
Deprecation notice: Support for the legacy now.json config file will be removed on March 31, 2026. Rename now.json to vercel.json (no content changes required).
{
"functions": {
"app/api/heavy/**": {
"maxDuration": 300,
"memory": 1024
},
"app/api/edge/**": {
"runtime": "edge"
}
}
}
All plans now default to 300s execution time with Fluid Compute.
| Plan | Default | Max |
|---|---|---|
| Hobby | 300s | 300s |
| Pro | 300s | 800s |
| Enterprise | 300s | 800s |
@neondatabase/serverless)fs, no native modules, limited crypto — use Node.js runtime if neededvercel env pull for local dev504 Gateway Timeout?
├─ All plans default to 300s with Fluid Compute
├─ Pro/Enterprise: configurable up to 800s
├─ Long-running task?
│ ├─ Under 5 min → Use Fluid Compute with streaming
│ ├─ Up to 15 min → Use Vercel Functions with `maxDuration` in vercel.json
│ └─ Hours/days → Use Workflow DevKit (DurableAgent or workflow steps)
└─ DB query slow? → Add connection pooling, check cold start, use Edge Config
500 Internal Server Error?
├─ Check Vercel Runtime Logs (Dashboard → Deployments → Functions tab)
├─ Missing env vars? → Compare `.env.local` against Vercel dashboard settings
├─ Import error? → Verify package is in `dependencies`, not `devDependencies`
└─ Uncaught exception? → Wrap handler in try/catch, use `after()` for error reporting
"FUNCTION_INVOCATION_FAILED"?
├─ Memory exceeded? → Increase `memory` in vercel.json (up to 3008 MB on Pro)
├─ Crashed during init? → Check top-level await or heavy imports at module scope
└─ Edge Function crash? → Check for Node.js APIs not available in Edge runtime
Cold start latency > 1s?
├─ Using Node.js runtime? → Consider Edge Functions for latency-sensitive routes
├─ Large function bundle? → Audit imports, use dynamic imports, tree-shake
├─ DB connection in cold start? → Use connection pooling (Neon serverless driver)
└─ Enable Fluid Compute to reuse warm instances across requests
"EDGE_FUNCTION_INVOCATION_TIMEOUT"?
├─ Edge Functions have 25s hard limit (not configurable)
├─ Move heavy computation to Node.js Serverless Functions
└─ Use streaming to start response early, process in background with `waitUntil`
Agent-only reference for firstmate harness operations. Use before spawning or recovering a crewmate or secondmate, handling a trust dialog, sending a harness-specific skill invocation, interrupting or exiting an agent, resuming an exited agent, or verifying a new harness adapter. Contains verified facts for claude, codex, opencode, pi, and grok.
Validate your code changes through the no-mistakes pipeline - automated code review, tests, lint, docs, push, PR, and CI - before they reach the configured push target. Use when the user asks to run no-mistakes, gate or ship or validate their changes, push safely, asks you to do a task and then validate it, or invokes /no-mistakes.
Bootstrap agents for iOS, iPadOS, macOS, Swift, SwiftUI, SwiftData/Core Data, Swift Testing, Xcode build/test/debug, Simulator, App Intents, or XcodeBuildMCP work. Use before building, fixing, refactoring, QAing, or setting up Apple-platform repos, and when asked to load/install Ray's iOS skills or bootstrap iOS.
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