rust-async-patterns
Master Rust async programming with Tokio, async traits, error handling, and concurrent patterns. Use when building async Rust applications, implementing concurrent systems, or debugging async code.
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- rust-async-patterns
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- Master Rust async programming with Tokio, async traits, error handling, and concurrent patterns. Use when building async Rust applications, implementing concurrent systems, or debugging async code.
# Rust Async Patterns
Production patterns for async Rust programming with Tokio runtime, including tasks, channels, streams, and error handling.
## When to Use This Skill
- Building async Rust applications
- Implementing concurrent network services
- Using Tokio for async I/O
- Handling async errors properly
- Debugging async code issues
- Optimizing async performance
## Core Concepts
### 1. Async Execution Model
```
Future (lazy) → poll() → Ready(value) | Pending
↑ ↓
Waker ← Runtime schedules
```
### 2. Key Abstractions
| Concept | Purpose |
| ---------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `Future` | Lazy computation that may complete later |
| `async fn` | Function returning impl Future |
| `await` | Suspend until future completes |
| `Task` | Spawned future running concurrently |
| `Runtime` | Executor that polls futures |
## Quick Start
```toml
# Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
tokio = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
futures = "0.3"
async-trait = "0.1"
anyhow = "1.0"
tracing = "0.1"
tracing-subscriber = "0.3"
```
```rust
use tokio::time::{sleep, Duration};
use anyhow::Result;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
// Initialize tracing
tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
// Async operations
let result = fetch_data("https://api.example.com").await?;
println!("Got: {}", result);
Ok(())
}
async fn fetch_data(url: &str) -> Result<String> {
// Simulated async operation
sleep(Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
Ok(format!("Data from {}", url))
}
```
## Detailed patterns and worked examples
Detailed pattern documentation lives in `references/details.md`. Read that file when the navigation tier above is insufficient.
## Best Practices
### Do's
- **Use `tokio::select!`** - For racing futures
- **Prefer channels** - Over shared state when possible
- **Use `JoinSet`** - For managing multiple tasks
- **Instrument with tracing** - For debugging async code
- **Handle cancellation** - Check `CancellationToken`
### Don'ts
- **Don't block** - Never use `std::thread::sleep` in async
- **Don't hold locks across awaits** - Causes deadlocks
- **Don't spawn unboundedly** - Use semaphores for limits
- **Don't ignore errors** - Propagate with `?` or log
- **Don't forget Send bounds** - For spawned futures
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