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Expert in Persona Control Language (PCL) - language design, compiler architecture, runtime systems, and ecosystem development
Expert system for designing, creating, and validating PCL skills with comprehensive domain knowledge extraction
Expert-level Docker containerization, image optimization, and container orchestration. Use this skill for building efficient Docker images, managing containers, and implementing Docker best practices.
基于 SOC 职业分类
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| name | grafana-expert |
| version | 1.0.0 |
| description | Expert-level Grafana dashboards, visualization, data sources, alerting, and production operations |
| category | devops |
| author | PCL Team |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| tags | ["grafana","dashboards","visualization","monitoring","observability","alerting"] |
| allowed-tools | ["Read","Write","Edit","Bash(kubectl:*, grafana-cli:*)","Glob","Grep"] |
| requirements | {"grafana":">=10.0","kubernetes":">=1.28"} |
You are an expert in Grafana with deep knowledge of dashboard creation, panel types, data sources, templating, alerting, and production operations. You design and manage comprehensive visualization and observability systems following Grafana best practices.
Components:
Grafana Stack:
├── Grafana Server (UI/API)
├── Data Sources (Prometheus, Loki, etc.)
├── Dashboards (visualizations)
├── Alerts (alerting engine)
├── Plugins (extensions)
└── Users & Teams (RBAC)
Install with Helm:
# Add Grafana Helm repository
helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update
# Install Grafana
helm install grafana grafana/grafana \
--namespace monitoring \
--create-namespace \
--set persistence.enabled=true \
--set persistence.size=10Gi \
--set adminPassword='admin123' \
--set ingress.enabled=true \
--set ingress.hosts[0]=grafana.example.com
# Get admin password
kubectl get secret --namespace monitoring grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode
Grafana ConfigMap:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: grafana-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
grafana.ini: |
[server]
domain = grafana.example.com
root_url = https://grafana.example.com
[auth]
disable_login_form = false
oauth_auto_login =
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
Prometheus Data Source (JSON):
{
"name": "Prometheus",
"type": "prometheus",
"access": "proxy",
"url": "http://prometheus-server.monitoring.svc.cluster.local:9090",
"isDefault": true,
"jsonData": {
"httpMethod": "POST",
"timeInterval": "30s",
"queryTimeout": "60s"
}
}
Loki Data Source:
{
"name": "Loki",
"type": "loki",
"access": "proxy",
"url": "http://loki.monitoring.svc.cluster.local:3100",
"jsonData": {
"maxLines": 1000,
"derivedFields": [
{
"datasourceUid": "jaeger",
"matcherRegex": "traceID=(\\w+)",
"name": "TraceID",
"url": "$${__value.raw}"
}
]
}
}
Data Source as ConfigMap:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: grafana-datasources
namespace: monitoring
data:
datasources.yaml: |
apiVersion: 1
datasources:
- name: Prometheus
type: prometheus
access: proxy
url: http://prometheus-server:9090
isDefault: true
editable: true
jsonData:
timeInterval: 30s
queryTimeout: 60s
- name: Loki
type: loki
access: proxy
url: http://loki:3100
editable: true
jsonData:
maxLines: 1000
- name: Tempo
type: tempo
access: proxy
url: http://tempo:3100
editable: true
Complete Dashboard Example:
{
"dashboard": {
"title": "Application Performance Monitoring",
"tags": ["production", "api"],
"timezone": "browser",
"editable": true,
"graphTooltip": 1,
"time": {
"from": "now-6h",
"to": "now"
},
"refresh": "30s",
"templating": {
"list": [
{
"name": "namespace",
"type": "query",
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"query": "label_values(kube_pod_info, namespace)",
"refresh": 1,
"multi": false,
"includeAll": false
},
{
"name": "pod",
"type": "query",
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"query": "label_values(kube_pod_info{namespace=\"$namespace\"}, pod)",
"refresh": 2,
"multi": true,
"includeAll": true
}
]
},
"panels": [
{
"id": 1,
"type": "stat",
"title": "Request Rate",
"gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 6, "x": 0, "y": 0},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m]))",
"legendFormat": "RPS"
}
],
"options": {
"reduceOptions": {
"values": false,
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
},
"orientation": "auto",
"textMode": "auto",
"colorMode": "value",
"graphMode": "area"
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "reqps",
"decimals": 2,
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"value": null, "color": "green"},
{"value": 100, "color": "yellow"},
{"value": 500, "color": "red"}
]
}
}
}
},
{
"id": 2,
"type": "graph",
"title": "Request Rate Over Time",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 4},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) by (pod)",
"legendFormat": "{{pod}}"
}
],
"yaxes": [
{
"format": "reqps",
"label": "Requests/sec"
},
{
"format": "short"
}
],
"lines": true,
"fill": 1,
"linewidth": 2,
"legend": {
"show": true,
"values": true,
"current": true,
"avg": true,
"max": true
}
},
{
"id": 3,
"type": "timeseries",
"title": "Latency (P95)",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 4},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "histogram_quantile(0.95, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) by (le, pod))",
"legendFormat": "{{pod}}"
}
],
"options": {
"tooltip": {
"mode": "multi"
},
"legend": {
"displayMode": "table",
"placement": "bottom",
"calcs": ["last", "mean", "max"]
}
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "s",
"custom": {
"drawStyle": "line",
"lineInterpolation": "smooth",
"fillOpacity": 10,
"spanNulls": true
},
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"value": null, "color": "green"},
{"value": 0.5, "color": "yellow"},
{"value": 1, "color": "red"}
]
}
}
}
},
{
"id": 4,
"type": "heatmap",
"title": "Request Duration Heatmap",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 12},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) by (le)",
"format": "heatmap",
"legendFormat": "{{le}}"
}
],
"options": {
"calculate": false,
"cellGap": 2,
"color": {
"mode": "scheme",
"scheme": "Spectral"
},
"yAxis": {
"decimals": 2,
"unit": "s"
}
}
},
{
"id": 5,
"type": "gauge",
"title": "Error Rate",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 6, "x": 12, "y": 12},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\",status=~\"5..\"}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) * 100"
}
],
"options": {
"showThresholdLabels": true,
"showThresholdMarkers": true
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "percent",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"value": null, "color": "green"},
{"value": 1, "color": "yellow"},
{"value": 5, "color": "red"}
]
}
}
}
},
{
"id": 6,
"type": "table",
"title": "Top Endpoints by Request Count",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 20},
"targets": [
{
"expr": "topk(10, sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[1h])) by (endpoint))",
"format": "table",
"instant": true
}
],
"transformations": [
{
"id": "organize",
"options": {
"excludeByName": {
"Time": true
},
"renameByName": {
"endpoint": "Endpoint",
"Value": "Requests/sec"
}
}
}
],
"options": {
"showHeader": true,
"sortBy": [
{
"displayName": "Requests/sec",
"desc": true
}
]
}
},
{
"id": 7,
"type": "logs",
"title": "Application Logs",
"gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 20},
"datasource": "Loki",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "{namespace=\"$namespace\", pod=~\"$pod\"} |= \"error\" or \"ERROR\"",
"refId": "A"
}
],
"options": {
"showTime": true,
"showLabels": false,
"showCommonLabels": true,
"wrapLogMessage": false,
"prettifyLogMessage": false,
"enableLogDetails": true,
"dedupStrategy": "none",
"sortOrder": "Descending"
}
}
]
}
}
Time Series Panel:
{
"type": "timeseries",
"title": "CPU Usage",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) by (pod)"
}
],
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "percent",
"custom": {
"drawStyle": "line",
"lineInterpolation": "smooth",
"barAlignment": 0,
"fillOpacity": 10,
"gradientMode": "none",
"spanNulls": false,
"showPoints": "never",
"pointSize": 5,
"stacking": {
"mode": "none",
"group": "A"
}
}
}
}
}
Stat Panel:
{
"type": "stat",
"title": "Total Requests",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"})"
}
],
"options": {
"reduceOptions": {
"values": false,
"calcs": ["lastNotNull"]
},
"graphMode": "area",
"colorMode": "value",
"textMode": "auto"
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "short",
"decimals": 0
}
}
}
Gauge Panel:
{
"type": "gauge",
"title": "Memory Usage",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(container_memory_working_set_bytes{namespace=\"$namespace\"}) / sum(container_spec_memory_limit_bytes{namespace=\"$namespace\"}) * 100"
}
],
"options": {
"showThresholdLabels": false,
"showThresholdMarkers": true
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "percent",
"min": 0,
"max": 100,
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"value": null, "color": "green"},
{"value": 70, "color": "yellow"},
{"value": 85, "color": "red"}
]
}
}
}
}
Bar Gauge:
{
"type": "bargauge",
"title": "Pod CPU by Namespace",
"targets": [
{
"expr": "sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total[5m])) by (namespace)"
}
],
"options": {
"displayMode": "gradient",
"orientation": "horizontal",
"showUnfilled": true
},
"fieldConfig": {
"defaults": {
"unit": "percent"
}
}
}
Query Variable:
{
"name": "namespace",
"type": "query",
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"query": "label_values(kube_pod_info, namespace)",
"regex": "",
"refresh": 1,
"multi": false,
"includeAll": false,
"allValue": ".*",
"sort": 1
}
Custom Variable:
{
"name": "environment",
"type": "custom",
"query": "production,staging,development",
"multi": false,
"includeAll": false
}
Interval Variable:
{
"name": "interval",
"type": "interval",
"query": "1m,5m,10m,30m,1h",
"auto": true,
"auto_count": 30,
"auto_min": "10s"
}
Chained Variables:
{
"name": "pod",
"type": "query",
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"query": "label_values(kube_pod_info{namespace=\"$namespace\"}, pod)",
"refresh": 2,
"multi": true,
"includeAll": true
}
Alert Rule:
{
"alert": {
"title": "High CPU Usage",
"message": "CPU usage is above 80% for namespace ${namespace}",
"tags": {
"severity": "warning",
"team": "platform"
},
"conditions": [
{
"evaluator": {
"type": "gt",
"params": [80]
},
"query": {
"datasourceUid": "prometheus",
"model": {
"expr": "sum(rate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m])) * 100",
"refId": "A"
}
},
"reducer": {
"type": "last"
},
"type": "query"
}
],
"executionErrorState": "alerting",
"noDataState": "no_data",
"frequency": "1m",
"for": "5m"
},
"notificationChannels": [
{
"uid": "slack-channel"
}
]
}
Notification Channel (Slack):
{
"name": "Slack Alerts",
"type": "slack",
"uid": "slack-channel",
"settings": {
"url": "https://hooks.slack.com/services/XXX/YYY/ZZZ",
"recipient": "#alerts",
"uploadImage": true,
"mentionUsers": "platform-team",
"mentionChannel": "here"
}
}
Dashboard Provider ConfigMap:
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: grafana-dashboard-provider
namespace: monitoring
data:
dashboards.yaml: |
apiVersion: 1
providers:
- name: 'default'
orgId: 1
folder: ''
type: file
disableDeletion: false
updateIntervalSeconds: 10
allowUiUpdates: true
options:
path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
- name: 'kubernetes'
orgId: 1
folder: 'Kubernetes'
type: file
disableDeletion: true
updateIntervalSeconds: 10
allowUiUpdates: false
options:
path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/kubernetes
// Query with variables
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\", pod=~\"$pod\"}[$__rate_interval])) by (pod)"
}
// Dashboard refresh
{
"refresh": "30s" // Production
// "refresh": "1m" // Development
}
# Better than fixed interval
rate(http_requests_total[$__rate_interval])
Dashboards/
├── Kubernetes/
│ ├── Cluster Overview
│ └── Pod Monitoring
├── Applications/
│ ├── API Performance
│ └── Database Metrics
└── Infrastructure/
├── Node Metrics
└── Network Traffic
{
"annotations": {
"list": [
{
"datasource": "Prometheus",
"enable": true,
"expr": "ALERTS{alertstate=\"firing\"}",
"iconColor": "red",
"name": "Alerts",
"tagKeys": "alertname,severity"
}
]
}
}
{
"thresholds": {
"mode": "absolute",
"steps": [
{"value": null, "color": "green"},
{"value": 70, "color": "yellow"},
{"value": 90, "color": "red"}
]
}
}
{
"links": [
{
"title": "Related Dashboard",
"url": "/d/xyz/other-dashboard?var-namespace=$namespace",
"type": "link",
"icon": "dashboard"
}
]
}
1. Too Many Panels:
# BAD: 50+ panels
# GOOD: 10-15 focused panels per dashboard
2. No Variables:
// BAD: Hardcoded namespace
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"production\"}[5m]))"
}
// GOOD: Use variables
{
"expr": "sum(rate(http_requests_total{namespace=\"$namespace\"}[5m]))"
}
3. Short Refresh Intervals:
// BAD: Too frequent
"refresh": "5s"
// GOOD: Reasonable rate
"refresh": "30s"
4. No Units:
// GOOD: Always specify units
{
"unit": "bytes",
"decimals": 2
}
When creating Grafana dashboards:
Always design dashboards that are clear, actionable, and maintainable.