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Complete toolkit for rsync 3.4.1, the fast file-copying tool using delta-transfer algorithm. Use when backing up files, mirroring directories, syncing data across hosts via SSH or rsync daemon, implementing incremental backups, configuring rsyncd.conf daemons, or managing filter rules.
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| name | rsync-3-4-1 |
| description | Complete toolkit for rsync 3.4.1, the fast file-copying tool using delta-transfer algorithm. Use when backing up files, mirroring directories, syncing data across hosts via SSH or rsync daemon, implementing incremental backups, configuring rsyncd.conf daemons, or managing filter rules. |
| license | MIT |
| author | Tangled <noreply@tangledgroup.com> |
| version | 0.1.0 |
| tags | ["file-transfer","backup","mirroring","sync","daemon","incremental"] |
| category | system-tool |
| external_references | ["https://rsync.samba.org/","https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync.1","https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsyncd.conf.5","https://rsync.samba.org/FAQ.html","https://rsync.samba.org/examples.html","https://github.com/rsyncproject/rsync"] |
Rsync is a fast and extraordinarily versatile file-copying tool. It can copy locally, to/from another host over any remote shell (typically SSH), or to/from a remote rsync daemon. It is famous for its delta-transfer algorithm, which reduces the amount of data sent over the network by sending only the differences between the source files and the existing files in the destination. Rsync is widely used for backups, mirroring, and as an improved copy command for everyday use.
Rsync finds files that need to be transferred using a "quick check" algorithm (by default) that looks for files that have changed in size or in last-modified time. Any changes in other preserved attributes are made on the destination file directly when the quick check indicates that the file's data does not need to be updated.
Key features include:
--link-dest or --backup-dir--remove-source-files)Rsync operates in three modes:
Local copy — both source and destination are on the same machine:
rsync -av /src/dir/ /dest/dir/
Remote shell (pull) — pulling files from a remote host via SSH:
rsync -av user@remote:/src/dir/ /local/dest/
Remote shell (push) — pushing files to a remote host via SSH:
rsync -av /local/src/ user@remote:/dest/dir/
Rsync daemon (pull) — connecting directly to an rsync daemon:
rsync -av user@host::module/path /local/dest/
rsync -av rsync://user@host:873/module/path /local/dest/
Rsync daemon (push) — pushing to a daemon module:
rsync -av /local/src/ user@host::module/path
A trailing slash on the source changes behavior significantly:
rsync -av /src/foo /dest — copies the directory foo into /dest, creating /dest/foorsync -av /src/foo/ /dest — copies the contents of foo into /destFor daemon connections, no trailing slash is needed to copy module contents:
rsync -av host::module /dest
-a)The -a (archive) flag is shorthand for -rlptgoD:
-r — recurse into directories-l — copy symlinks as symlinks-p — preserve permissions-t — preserve modification times-g — preserve group-o — preserve owner (requires root on receiver)-D — preserve devices and specialsNote: -a does not include -A (ACLs), -X (xattrs), -U (atimes), -N (crtimes), or -H (hard links). Add these explicitly when needed: rsync -aAXHN.
By default, rsync sends only the changed portions of files. This is controlled by the quick check algorithm, which compares file size and modification time. If both match, the file is skipped entirely. If they differ, rsync computes checksums on data blocks to identify exactly which portions need transferring.
Use --whole-file (-W) to disable delta-transfer and send files whole (faster for local copies or high-bandwidth connections where disk I/O is the bottleneck).
-c): computes full-file checksums — thorough but slow, uses lots of disk I/OAlways use -t (preserve times) or -a (archive mode) in your initial copy, otherwise rsync cannot effectively skip unchanged files on subsequent runs.
rsync -av /source/ /destination/
rsync -avz /local/data/ user@remote:/backup/data/
--dry-run first!)rsync -av --delete /source/ /mirror/
DAY=$(date +%A)
rsync -a --link-dest=../current /source/ /backup/$DAY/
# Rotate:
mv /backup/current /backup/previous
ln -sfn "$DAY" /backup/current
#!/bin/sh
BDIR=/home/$USER
EXCLUDES=$HOME/cron/excludes
BSERVER=backup-host
export RSYNC_PASSWORD=XXXXXX
BACKUPDIR=$(date +%A)
OPTS="--force --ignore-errors --delete-excluded --exclude-from=$EXCLUDES \
--delete --backup --backup-dir=/$BACKUPDIR -a"
# Clear last week's incremental directory
mkdir -p $HOME/emptydir
rsync --delete -a $HOME/emptydir/ $BSERVER::$USER/$BACKUPDIR/
rmdir $HOME/emptydir
# Actual transfer
rsync $OPTS $BDIR $BSERVER::$USER/current
rsync -ain /source/ /dest/
rsync -avz --bwlimit=1000 /source/ user@remote:/dest/
rsync -aP /large/source/ /dest/
rsync -avz --skip-compress=gz/jpg/mp[34]/zip/bz2 /src/ /dst/
Command-Line Options: Complete reference of all rsync options including transfer rules, delete modes, compression, and checksum algorithms → Command-Line Options
Filter Rules and Pattern Matching: Include/exclude patterns, merge files, per-directory filters, modifiers, anchoring, and interaction with deletions → Filter Rules
Rsync Daemon Configuration: rsyncd.conf parameters, module setup, authentication, access control, logging, SSL/TLS proxy, and daemon launch methods → Daemon Configuration
Batch Mode and Incremental Backups: Write-batch/read-batch for bulk deployment, --link-dest, --compare-dest, --copy-dest, --backup-dir, and atomic update patterns → Batch Mode and Backups
Symbolic Links, Security, and Troubleshooting: Symlink handling modes, multi-host security considerations, common error diagnostics, exit codes, and FAQ solutions → Security and Troubleshooting
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