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Universal opt-out mechanism implementation across US state privacy laws. Covers Global Privacy Control (GPC) signal technical implementation, state-by-state recognition requirements, browser detection methods, authenticated vs unauthenticated handling, and compliance testing.
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Use when preparing applications for recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Poland, applications for setting aside arbitral awards under KPC art. 1205–1211, or opposing such applications — mapping Article V of the 1958 New York Convention to art. 1214–1215 of the Polish KPC, identifying grounds for refusal, structuring public policy arguments
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| name | universal-opt-out |
| title | Universal Opt-Out Mechanism Implementation |
| description | Universal opt-out mechanism implementation across US state privacy laws. Covers Global Privacy Control (GPC) signal technical implementation, state-by-state recognition requirements, browser detection methods, authenticated vs unauthenticated handling, and compliance testing. |
| author | mukul975 |
| author_url | https://github.com/mukul975/Privacy-Data-Protection-Skills/tree/main/skills/privacy/universal-opt-out |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| version | 0.1.0 |
| execution_mode | open |
| jurisdiction | us |
| practice | data-protection |
| language | en |
A universal opt-out mechanism is a browser or device-level signal that communicates a consumer's privacy preferences to websites and online services. The Global Privacy Control (GPC) is the leading universal opt-out mechanism, supported by major browsers (Firefox, Brave, DuckDuckGo) and browser extensions (Privacy Badger, Disconnect). Multiple US state privacy laws now require businesses to recognize and honor these signals.
GPC is defined in the Global Privacy Control specification (published by the GPC project), transmitted via the Sec-GPC: 1 HTTP header and the navigator.globalPrivacyControl JavaScript API.
| State | Law | Signal Required | Effective Date | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | CCPA/CPRA | Yes | Jan 1, 2023 | Sale + Sharing |
| Colorado | CPA | Yes | Jul 1, 2024 | Targeted ads + Sale |
| Connecticut | CTDPA | Yes | Jan 1, 2025 | Targeted ads + Sale |
| Montana | MTDPA | Yes | Oct 1, 2025 | Targeted ads + Sale |
| Texas | TDPSA | Not required | N/A | N/A |
| Virginia | VCDPA | Not required | N/A | N/A |
| Oregon | OCPA | Not required | N/A | N/A |
| Kentucky | KPPA | Not required | N/A | N/A |
Sec-GPC: 1
The Sec-GPC header is a structured header with a bare item value of 1 (true) or absent (no preference expressed). The Sec- prefix indicates it is a fetch metadata header set by the browser, not by JavaScript.
navigator.globalPrivacyControl // boolean: true or undefined
The navigator.globalPrivacyControl property returns if the user has enabled GPC in their browser or extension, or if GPC is not active.
trueundefinedfunction detectGPC() {
// Check JavaScript API
const jsGPC = navigator.globalPrivacyControl === true;
// The HTTP header is checked server-side
// This function covers client-side detection only
return {
gpcEnabled: jsGPC,
timestamp: new Date().toISOString(),
userAgent: navigator.userAgent,
};
}
function checkGPCHeader(req) {
const gpcHeader = req.headers['sec-gpc'];
return gpcHeader === '1';
}
app.use((req, res, next) => {
if (checkGPCHeader(req)) {
req.gpcOptOut = true;
// Apply opt-out before rendering page
res.locals.suppressThirdPartyTags = true;
res.locals.suppressCrossSiteBehavioralAds = true;
}
next();
});
HTTP Request Arrives
│
├─► Server-Side Check
│ └─ Parse Sec-GPC header from request
│
├─► Client-Side Check (for SPAs)
│ └─ Read navigator.globalPrivacyControl
│
└─► Combined Result
├─ GPC detected = true → Apply opt-out
└─ GPC not detected → Normal processing
| State | Sale Opt-Out | Sharing Opt-Out | Targeted Ads Opt-Out | Profiling Opt-Out |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California | Yes | Yes | Implied (sharing = cross-context behavioral ads) | No (separate) |
| Colorado | Yes | N/A | Yes | No (separate) |
| Connecticut | Yes | N/A | Yes | No (separate) |
| Montana | Yes | N/A | Yes | No (separate) |
Authenticated Consumer (logged in):
sale_opt_out = true, targeted_ads_opt_out = trueUnauthenticated Consumer (not logged in):
Upon detecting GPC signal, the system must:
Suppress third-party advertising tags before page render:
Allow first-party processing:
Update server-side systems:
Sec-GPC: 1 header detectednavigator.globalPrivacyControl === trueTechnology stack: Consent management platform (CMP) with GPC signal handler, tag management system (TMS) with server-side control, privacy operations dashboard.
Architecture:
Sec-GPC: 1 header on incoming requestsgpc_opt_out: true flag