mapsui

name	mapsui
description	Use when embedding interactive 2D maps in .NET desktop (WinForms/WPF) or mobile (MAUI) applications — tile layers, vector features, map controls. Mapsui: cross-platform .NET map component library.
tags	["dotnet","csharp","map","wpf","maui","avalonia","blazor","skia","wms","tiles"]

项目地址： https://github.com/Mapsui/Mapsui

官方文档： https://mapsui.com/documentation/

许可证： LGPL-2.1+

概述

• 跨 UI 框架：WPF / WinUI / MAUI / Avalonia / Uno / Blazor / WinForms
• SkiaSharp 渲染，性能优于 GDI+
• 数据源：OSM / WMS / WMTS / TMS / XYZ / Shapefile / GeoJSON / MBTiles / PostGIS
• 几何基于 NetTopologySuite
• 投影：ProjNet / Mapsui.Projections
• 内置交互：拖动、缩放、旋转、捏合、命中

---

安装

dotnet add package Mapsui.Wpf            # 或 Mapsui.Maui / Mapsui.Avalonia / ...
dotnet add package Mapsui.Tiling
dotnet add package Mapsui.Nts

---

WPF 入门

<Window xmlns:mapsui="clr-namespace:Mapsui.UI.Wpf;assembly=Mapsui.UI.Wpf">
    <mapsui:MapControl x:Name="MapControl"/>
</Window>

using Mapsui;
using Mapsui.Tiling;
using Mapsui.Projections;

var map = new Map();
map.Layers.Add(OpenStreetMap.CreateTileLayer());

var pt = SphericalMercator.FromLonLat(116.397, 39.908).ToMPoint();
map.Navigator.CenterOnAndZoomTo(pt, map.Navigator.Resolutions[10]);

MapControl.Map = map;

---

核心概念

类型	说明
Map	地图
Layer / MemoryLayer / ImageLayer / TileLayer	图层
IProvider	数据提供者
IFeature / GeometryFeature	要素（NTS 几何）
IStyle / VectorStyle / LabelStyle / SymbolStyle	样式
Navigator	视图操作

---

矢量图层

using Mapsui.Nts;
using Mapsui.Styles;

var features = new List<IFeature>();
foreach (var f in geoJsonFeatures)
    features.Add(new GeometryFeature(f.Geometry) {
        Styles = { new VectorStyle {
            Fill = new Brush(Color.Red),
            Outline = new Pen(Color.Black, 1)
        }}
    });

map.Layers.Add(new MemoryLayer("Roads") { Features = features, Style = null });

---

Shapefile

using Mapsui.Nts.Providers.Shapefile;
var prov = new ShapeFile("china.shp", true);
map.Layers.Add(new Layer("China") { DataSource = prov });

---

瓦片图层

map.Layers.Add(OpenStreetMap.CreateTileLayer());

var src = new HttpTileSource(
    new GlobalSphericalMercator(0, 18),
    "https://webst02.is.autonavi.com/appmaptile?style=6&x={x}&y={y}&z={z}",
    name: "AMap");
map.Layers.Add(new TileLayer(src) { Name = "AMap" });

// MBTiles
var mb = new MbTilesTileSource(new SQLiteConnectionString("city.mbtiles", false));
map.Layers.Add(new TileLayer(mb));

---

WMS

using Mapsui.Providers.Wms;
var wms = new WmsProvider("https://demo.mapserver.org/cgi-bin/wms?",
    new[] { "continents" });
map.Layers.Add(new ImageLayer("WMS") { DataSource = wms });

---

样式

new SymbolStyle { SymbolScale = 0.7, Fill = new Brush(Color.Red) };

new LabelStyle {
    Text = "{name}",
    Font = new Font { Size = 14 },
    BackColor = new Brush(Color.WhiteSmoke),
    Halo = new Pen(Color.White, 2)
};

---

主题样式

public class PopulationStyle : IThemeStyle {
    public IStyle? GetStyle(IFeature f) {
        var pop = (int)f["population"];
        return new VectorStyle { Fill = new Brush(pop > 1_000_000 ? Color.Red : Color.Blue) };
    }
}
layer.Style = new PopulationStyle();

---

交互

MapControl.Info += (s, e) => {
    if (e.MapInfo?.Feature is GeometryFeature gf)
        Debug.WriteLine($"clicked {gf["name"]}");
};

---

性能优化

1. 海量点 → RasterizingTileLayer 包一层（按瓦片预渲染）
2. 优先 MemoryLayer + 缓存 Feature
3. 异步加载 + await Layer.WaitForFinishedRefresh()
4. 共享 Brush/Pen/Style 实例
5. SkiaSharp 关闭抗锯齿对极小符号有性能提升

---

常见问题

问题	解决
WPF 无图	NuGet 缺 Mapsui.Wpf 或没设置 MapControl.Map
投影错误	SphericalMercator.FromLonLat 转换
MAUI 空白	MauiProgram 中 UseSkiaSharp() + UseMapsui()
Shapefile 中文乱码	指定 Encoding

---

典型工作流

工作流 1：加载底图 + GeoJSON 矢量数据

using Mapsui;
using Mapsui.Tiling;
using Mapsui.Nts;
using Mapsui.Styles;
using NetTopologySuite.IO;

var map = new Map();

// 1. 添加 OSM 底图
map.Layers.Add(OpenStreetMap.CreateTileLayer());

// 2. 读取 GeoJSON 并添加为矢量图层
var gjReader = new GeoJsonReader();
var features = new List<IFeature>();
foreach (var f in geojsonFeatures)
{
    features.Add(new GeometryFeature(f.Geometry)
    {
        Styles = { new VectorStyle { Fill = new Brush(Color.Red) } }
    });
}
map.Layers.Add(new MemoryLayer("Data") { Features = features });

// 3. 定位
var center = SphericalMercator.FromLonLat(116.4, 39.9).ToMPoint();
map.Navigator.CenterOnAndZoomTo(center, map.Navigator.Resolutions[10]);

MapControl.Map = map;

工作流 2：Shapefile + WMS 叠加

// Shapefile 图层
var shpProvider = new ShapeFile("china.shp", true);
map.Layers.Add(new Layer("China") { DataSource = shpProvider });

// WMS 图层（叠加）
var wmsProvider = new WmsProvider("https://geo.example.com/wms?", new[] { "rivers" });
map.Layers.Add(new ImageLayer("Rivers") { DataSource = wmsProvider });

map.ZoomToExtents();

AI 使用建议

推荐工作流

1. 选择 UI 框架：Mapsui 支持 WPF/WinUI/MAUI/Avalonia/Uno/Blazor/WinForms，根据需要选择对应的 NuGet 包
2. 创建 Map：实例化 Map，添加图层（TileLayer 作为底图 + MemoryLayer 作为矢量覆盖层）
3. 数据转换：通过 SphericalMercator.FromLonLat() 将经纬度转为 Web Mercator 坐标
4. 绑定控件：将 MapControl.Map 设置为创建的 Map 对象
5. 添加交互：通过 MapControl.Info 事件处理点击拾取，Navigator 控制视图

关键注意事项

• NuGet 包完整：确保安装了 Mapsui.<UI框架>、Mapsui.Tiling、Mapsui.Nts 三个包
• 投影转换：WGS84 经纬度必须通过 SphericalMercator.FromLonLat() 转换后才能用于 Mapsui 定位
• Shapefile 编码：中文 Shapefile 需指定 Encoding（如 Encoding.UTF8 或 Encoding.GetEncoding("GBK")）
• 样式共享：共享 Brush/Pen/VectorStyle 实例可提升性能
• 海量点优化：使用 RasterizingTileLayer 包装海量点图层，按瓦片预渲染

相关技能

• openlayers — Web 二维地图库（JavaScript）：../openlayers/SKILL.md
• sharpmap — .NET 传统地图渲染引擎：../sharpmap/SKILL.md
• nettopologysuite — .NET 几何计算核心：../nettopologysuite/SKILL.md
• geoserver — 地图服务发布：../geoserver/SKILL.md

参考资源

• 文档：https://mapsui.com/documentation/
• 示例：https://mapsui.com/samples
• 中文教程（znlgis）：https://znlgis.github.io/gis/tutorial/mapsui/