// Explain why posts get filtered from the X feed. Use when analyzing why a post was removed, not shown, or filtered out of recommendations.
Reference for X algorithm engagement types and signals. Use when analyzing engagement metrics, action predictions, or understanding what signals the algorithm tracks.
Explain the Phoenix ML model architecture for X recommendations. Use when users ask about embeddings, transformers, how predictions work, or ML model details.
Explain the complete X recommendation algorithm pipeline. Use when users ask how posts are ranked, how the algorithm works, or want an overview of the recommendation system.
Calculate and explain X algorithm engagement scores. Use when analyzing post ranking, understanding score weights, engagement potential, or why one post ranks higher than another.
| name | x-algo-filters |
| description | Explain why posts get filtered from the X feed. Use when analyzing why a post was removed, not shown, or filtered out of recommendations. |
The X algorithm applies 12 filters to remove posts that shouldn't appear in a user's feed. Filters run at multiple stages of the pipeline.
| Filter | Purpose | Source File |
|---|---|---|
AgeFilter | Remove posts older than max age | age_filter.rs |
PreviouslySeenPostsFilter | Remove posts user has seen | previously_seen_posts_filter.rs |
PreviouslyServedPostsFilter | Remove posts already served in session | previously_served_posts_filter.rs |
DropDuplicatesFilter | Remove duplicate tweet IDs | drop_duplicates_filter.rs |
RetweetDeduplicationFilter | Remove duplicate retweets | retweet_deduplication_filter.rs |
DedupConversationFilter | Keep only best post per conversation | dedup_conversation_filter.rs |
SelfTweetFilter | Remove user's own posts | self_tweet_filter.rs |
AuthorSocialgraphFilter | Remove blocked/muted authors | author_socialgraph_filter.rs |
MutedKeywordFilter | Remove posts with muted keywords | muted_keyword_filter.rs |
VFFilter | Safety/visibility filtering | vf_filter.rs |
CoreDataHydrationFilter | Remove posts missing required data | core_data_hydration_filter.rs |
IneligibleSubscriptionFilter | Remove subscription posts user can't see | ineligible_subscription_filter.rs |
Removes posts older than a configured maximum age using Snowflake ID timestamp extraction.
// home-mixer/filters/age_filter.rs
pub struct AgeFilter {
pub max_age: Duration,
}
fn is_within_age(&self, tweet_id: i64) -> bool {
snowflake::duration_since_creation_opt(tweet_id)
.map(|age| age <= self.max_age)
.unwrap_or(false)
}
Why filtered: Post is too old. Snowflake IDs encode creation timestamp.
Uses Bloom filters and explicit seen IDs from the client to filter posts the user has already viewed.
// home-mixer/filters/previously_seen_posts_filter.rs
let (removed, kept) = candidates.into_iter().partition(|c| {
get_related_post_ids(c).iter().any(|&post_id| {
query.seen_ids.contains(&post_id)
|| bloom_filters
.iter()
.any(|filter| filter.may_contain(post_id))
})
});
Why filtered: User has already seen this post (tracked via Bloom filter or explicit ID list).
Removes posts already served in the current session (for "load more" / infinite scroll).
// home-mixer/filters/previously_served_posts_filter.rs
fn enable(&self, query: &ScoredPostsQuery) -> bool {
query.is_bottom_request // Only for pagination requests
}
// Checks served_ids from request
get_related_post_ids(c).iter().any(|id| query.served_ids.contains(id))
Why filtered: Post was already served earlier in this session.
Simple deduplication by tweet ID within the candidate set.
// home-mixer/filters/drop_duplicates_filter.rs
let mut seen_ids = HashSet::new();
for candidate in candidates {
if seen_ids.insert(candidate.tweet_id) {
kept.push(candidate);
} else {
removed.push(candidate);
}
}
Why filtered: Duplicate tweet ID from multiple sources.
Prevents showing the same underlying post multiple times (as original or as different retweets).
// home-mixer/filters/retweet_deduplication_filter.rs
match candidate.retweeted_tweet_id {
Some(retweeted_id) => {
// Remove if we've already seen this tweet (as original or retweet)
if seen_tweet_ids.insert(retweeted_id) {
kept.push(candidate);
} else {
removed.push(candidate);
}
}
None => {
// Mark original tweet ID as seen
seen_tweet_ids.insert(candidate.tweet_id as u64);
kept.push(candidate);
}
}
Why filtered: Another version of this post (original or retweet) already included.
Keeps only the highest-scored post per conversation thread.
// home-mixer/filters/dedup_conversation_filter.rs
fn get_conversation_id(candidate: &PostCandidate) -> u64 {
// Conversation root = minimum ancestor ID, or self if no ancestors
candidate
.ancestors
.iter()
.copied()
.min()
.unwrap_or(candidate.tweet_id as u64)
}
// Keeps highest score per conversation_id
Why filtered: Another post in same conversation thread has higher score.
Removes the user's own posts from their "For You" feed.
// home-mixer/filters/self_tweet_filter.rs
let viewer_id = query.user_id as u64;
let (kept, removed) = candidates
.into_iter()
.partition(|c| c.author_id != viewer_id);
Why filtered: Post authored by the viewing user.
Removes posts from authors the user has blocked or muted.
// home-mixer/filters/author_socialgraph_filter.rs
let muted = viewer_muted_user_ids.contains(&author_id);
let blocked = viewer_blocked_user_ids.contains(&author_id);
if muted || blocked {
removed.push(candidate);
}
Why filtered: Author is in user's blocked or muted list.
Removes posts containing keywords the user has muted.
// home-mixer/filters/muted_keyword_filter.rs
let tweet_text_token_sequence = self.tokenizer.tokenize(&candidate.tweet_text);
if matcher.matches(&tweet_text_token_sequence) {
removed.push(candidate); // Matches muted keywords
}
Why filtered: Post text contains muted keyword(s).
Safety-based filtering using the visibility filtering service.
// home-mixer/filters/vf_filter.rs
fn should_drop(reason: &Option<FilteredReason>) -> bool {
match reason {
Some(FilteredReason::SafetyResult(safety_result)) => {
matches!(safety_result.action, Action::Drop(_))
}
Some(_) => true,
None => false,
}
}
Why filtered: Safety violation detected (spam, abuse, policy violation, etc.).
Removes posts that failed to hydrate required data.
// home-mixer/filters/core_data_hydration_filter.rs
let (kept, removed) = candidates
.into_iter()
.partition(|c| c.author_id != 0 && !c.tweet_text.trim().is_empty());
Why filtered: Missing author ID or empty tweet text (hydration failed).
Removes subscription-only posts from authors the user isn't subscribed to.
// home-mixer/filters/ineligible_subscription_filter.rs
let (kept, removed) = candidates.into_iter().partition(|candidate| {
match candidate.subscription_author_id {
Some(author_id) => subscribed_user_ids.contains(&author_id),
None => true, // Not a subscription post, keep it
}
});
Why filtered: Post requires subscription to author, user not subscribed.
All filters return:
pub struct FilterResult<T> {
pub kept: Vec<T>, // Candidates that passed
pub removed: Vec<T>, // Candidates that were filtered out
}
Some filters only run in certain contexts:
// PreviouslyServedPostsFilter only runs on pagination
fn enable(&self, query: &ScoredPostsQuery) -> bool {
query.is_bottom_request
}
PreviouslySeenPostsFilter uses Bloom filters for efficient "seen" tracking:
BloomFilter::from_entrymay_contain() (probabilistic) for fast lookupseen_ids for definitive checks/x-algo-pipeline - Where filters fit in the full pipeline/x-algo-engagement - Understanding what data filters check against