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name api-testing-patterns description Comprehensive API testing patterns including contract testing, REST/GraphQL testing, and integration testing. Use when testing APIs or designing API test strategies. category testing-methodologies priority high tokenEstimate 1200 agents ["qe-api-contract-validator","qe-test-generator","qe-performance-tester","qe-security-scanner"] implementation_status optimized optimization_version 1 last_optimized 2025-12-02T00:00:00.000Z dependencies [] quick_reference_card true tags ["api","rest","graphql","contract-testing","pact","integration","microservices"]
API Testing Patterns
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When testing APIs or designing API test strategy:
IDENTIFY testing level: contract, integration, or component
TEST the contract, not implementation (consumer perspective)
VALIDATE auth, input, errors, idempotency, concurrency
AUTOMATE in CI/CD with schema validation
MONITOR production APIs for contract drift
Quick Pattern Selection:
Microservices → Consumer-driven contracts (Pact)
REST APIs → CRUD + pagination + filtering tests
GraphQL → Query validation + complexity limits
External deps → Mock with component testing
Performance → Load test critical endpoints
Critical Success Factors:
APIs are contracts - test from consumer perspective
Always test error scenarios, not just happy paths
Version your API tests to prevent breaking changes
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Quick Reference Card
When to Use
Testing REST or GraphQL APIs
Validating microservice contracts
Designing API test strategies
Preventing breaking API changes
Testing Levels
Level Purpose Dependencies Speed Contract Provider-consumer agreement None Fast Component API in isolation Mocked Fast Integration Real dependencies Database, services Slower
Critical Test Scenarios
Scenario Must Test Example Auth 401/403 handling Expired token, wrong user Input 400 validation Missing fields, wrong types Errors 500 graceful handling DB down, timeout Idempotency Duplicate prevention Same idempotency key Concurrency Race conditions Parallel checkout
Tools
Contract : Pact, Spring Cloud Contract
REST : Supertest, REST-assured, Playwright
Load : k6, Artillery, JMeter
Agent Coordination
qe-api-contract-validator: Validate contracts, detect breaking changesqe-test-generator: Generate tests from OpenAPI specqe-performance-tester: Load test endpointsqe-security-scanner: API security testing
Contract Testing Pattern: Consumer-Driven Contracts
const contract = {
request : { method : 'POST' , path : '/orders' , body : { productId : 'abc' , quantity : 2 } },
response : { status : 201 , body : { orderId : 'string' , total : 'number' } }
};
test ('order API meets contract' , async () => {
const response = await api.post ('/orders' , { productId : 'abc' , quantity : 2 });
expect (response.status ).toBe (201 );
expect (response.body ).toMatchSchema ({
orderId : expect.any (String ),
total : expect.any (Number )
});
});
When: Microservices, distributed systems, third-party integrations
Critical Test Patterns
Authentication & Authorization describe ('Auth' , () => {
it ('rejects without token' , async () => {
expect ((await api.get ('/orders' )).status ).toBe (401 );
});
it ('rejects expired token' , async () => {
const expired = generateExpiredToken ();
expect ((await api.get ('/orders' , { headers : { Authorization : `Bearer ${expired} ` } })).status ).toBe (401 );
});
it ('blocks cross-user access' , async () => {
const userAToken = generateToken ({ userId : 'A' });
expect ((await api.get ('/orders/user-B-order' , { headers : { Authorization : `Bearer ${userAToken} ` } })).status ).toBe (403 );
});
});
Input Validation describe ('Validation' , () => {
it ('validates required fields' , async () => {
const response = await api.post ('/orders' , { quantity : 2 });
expect (response.status ).toBe (400 );
expect (response.body .errors ).toContain ('productId is required' );
});
it ('validates types' , async () => {
expect ((await api.post ('/orders' , { productId : 'abc' , quantity : 'two' })).status ).toBe (400 );
});
it ('validates ranges' , async () => {
expect ((await api.post ('/orders' , { productId : 'abc' , quantity : -5 })).status ).toBe (400 );
});
});
Idempotency it ('prevents duplicates with idempotency key' , async () => {
const key = 'unique-123' ;
const data = { productId : 'abc' , quantity : 2 };
const r1 = await api.post ('/orders' , data, { headers : { 'Idempotency-Key' : key } });
const r2 = await api.post ('/orders' , data, { headers : { 'Idempotency-Key' : key } });
expect (r1.body .orderId ).toBe (r2.body .orderId );
});
Concurrency it ('handles race condition on inventory' , async () => {
const promises = Array (10 ).fill ().map (() =>
api.post ('/orders' , { productId : 'abc' , quantity : 1 })
);
const responses = await Promise .all (promises);
const successful = responses.filter (r =>status === 201 );
const inventory = await db.inventory .findById ('abc' );
expect (inventory.quantity ).toBe (initialQuantity - successful.length );
});
REST CRUD Pattern describe ('Product CRUD' , () => {
let productId;
it ('CREATE' , async () => {
const r = await api.post ('/products' , { name : 'Widget' , price : 10 });
expect (r.status ).toBe (201 );
productId = r.body .id ;
});
it ('READ' , async () => {
const r = await api.get (`/products/${productId} ` );
expect (r.body .name ).toBe ('Widget' );
});
it ('UPDATE' , async () => {
const r = await api.put (`/products/${productId} ` , { price : 12 });
expect (r.body .price ).toBe (12 );
});
it ('DELETE' , async () => {
expect ((await api.delete (`/products/${productId} ` )).status ).toBe (204 );
expect ((await api.get (`/products/${productId} ` )).status ).toBe (404 );
});
});
Best Practices
✅ Do This
Test from consumer perspective
Use schema validation (not exact values)
Test error scenarios extensively
Version API tests
Automate in CI/CD
❌ Avoid This
Testing implementation, not contract
Ignoring HTTP semantics (status codes)
No negative testing
Asserting on field order or extra fields
Slow tests (mock external services)
Agent-Assisted API Testing
await Task ("Contract Validation" , {
spec : 'openapi.yaml' ,
endpoint : '/orders' ,
checkBreakingChanges : true
}, "qe-api-contract-validator" );
await Task ("Generate API Tests" , {
spec : 'openapi.yaml' ,
coverage : 'comprehensive' ,
include : ['happy-paths' , 'input-validation' , 'auth-scenarios' , 'error-handling' ]
}, "qe-test-generator" );
await Task ("API Load Test" , {
endpoint : '/orders' ,
rps : 1000 ,
duration : '5min'
}, "qe-performance-tester" );
await Task ("API Security Scan" , {
spec : 'openapi.yaml' ,
checks : ['sql-injection' , 'xss' , 'broken-auth' , 'rate-limiting' ]
}, "qe-security-scanner" );
Agent Coordination Hints
Memory Namespace aqe/api-testing/
├── contracts/* - API contract definitions
├── generated-tests/* - Generated test suites
├── validation/* - Contract validation results
└── performance/* - Load test results
Fleet Coordination const apiFleet = await FleetManager .coordinate ({
strategy : 'contract-testing' ,
agents : ['qe-api-contract-validator' , 'qe-test-generator' , 'qe-test-executor' ],
topology : 'mesh'
});
await apiFleet.execute ({
services : [
{ name : 'orders-api' , consumers : ['checkout-ui' , 'admin-api' ] },
{ name : 'payment-api' , consumers : ['orders-api' ] }
]
});
Related Skills
Remember API testing = verifying contracts and behavior, not implementation. Focus on what matters to consumers: correct responses, proper error handling, acceptable performance.
With Agents: Agents automate contract validation, generate comprehensive test suites from specs, and monitor production APIs for drift. Use agents to maintain API quality at scale.
