Commodore 64 BASIC V2: programming rules, the three data types (integer, floating-point, string) and their constants/variables/arrays, expressions, arithmetic/relational/logical operators and precedence, string handling, INPUT/GET, program crunching, and the…
Workflow for reverse-engineering existing Commodore 64 code — .prg/.bin files, cartridge dumps, memory snapshots, and raw 6510 listings. Covers the .prg load address, the tokenized BASIC stub and its SYS launcher, classifying every address as RAM / ROM call /…
The two Commodore 64 control (game) ports: reading joysticks, paddles, a light pen, and mouse, and how they map to hardware registers (CIA1 $DC00/$DC01, SID POT $D419/$D41A, VIC light-pen $D013/$D014). Use this skill WHEN a user asks "which port is player 1",…
C64 screen graphics from the programmer's view: the five VIC-II display modes (standard/multicolor text, ECM, standard/multicolor bitmap), custom 8x8 character sets, screen/color/character memory layout, video bank selection, and smooth scrolling. Use this…
The C64 keyboard and screen editor: every special key and what it does — the Commodore (C=) key, CTRL, RUN/STOP, RESTORE, SHIFT / SHIFT-LOCK, CLR/HOME, INST/DEL, cursor (CRSR) keys, function keys f1–f8, RETURN — plus screen-editor behavior (quote mode, insert…
The complete Commodore 64 memory map and banking: zero page, stack, the BASIC program area and pointers, screen and color RAM, the $D000-$DFFF I/O area, the BASIC/KERNAL/character ROMs, the $0000/$0001 6510 port plus the 82S100 PLA that switches…
Commodore 64 hardware sprites (MOBs, movable object blocks): the 24x21-pixel / 63-byte sprite shape, sprite pointers, enabling sprites, X/Y positioning including the X MSB ($D010) for positions past 255, sprite color, multicolor sprites, 2x X/Y expansion,…
The physical Commodore 64 and its servicing: system specs, the chip complement (6510, VIC-II, SID, two CIAs, PLA, ROMs, DRAM) and each chip's role, the circuit theory (power, reset, clock, video/audio, ports), board revisions and how to ID them, connector…