القائمة
Citation formatting rules for law review articles using The Bluebook (21st ed.) academic style
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npx skills add https://github.com/ThomasMoreAI/legal-skills-open --skill academic-bluebookيبقى الأمر في سطر واحد. مرّر أفقيًا لمراجعته كاملًا قبل النسخ.
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Use when retrieving arbitration institutional rules (ICC, LCIA, SCC, SIAC, HKIAC, VIAC, МКАС/МАК при ТПП України, UNCITRAL) — fetching current version, verifying redaction applicable to the date of arbitration agreement, constructing URLs for official rule texts
Use when choosing the Polish legal regime for letters, requests, applications, complaints, petitions, public-information requests, KPA filings, PPSA complaints, RODO access requests, registry extracts, court-file access, tax/ZUS/cudzoziemcy/USC procedures, or professional lawyer letters. Prevents mixing UDIP, KPA, PPSA, RODO, registry, special-procedure, and advocate/radca letter regimes.
Use when preparing applications for recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Poland, applications for setting aside arbitral awards under KPC art. 1205–1211, or opposing such applications — mapping Article V of the 1958 New York Convention to art. 1214–1215 of the Polish KPC, identifying grounds for refusal, structuring public policy arguments
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| name | academic-bluebook |
| title | Academic Bluebook Citation Skill |
| description | Citation formatting rules for law review articles using The Bluebook (21st ed.) academic style |
| author | diegosouzapw |
| author_url | https://github.com/diegosouzapw/awesome-omni-skill/tree/main/skills/development/academic-bluebook |
| license | MIT |
| version | 0.1.0 |
| execution_mode | open |
| jurisdiction | general |
| practice | general |
| language | en |
Domain: Legal citation formatting Version: 1.0.0 Last Updated: 2025-12-15
This skill provides rules for formatting citations in Academic Bluebook style (law review format), as distinguished from practitioner format. Law reviews use footnotes rather than inline citations and have specific conventions for typeface, signals, and short forms.
| Element | Academic (Law Review) | Practitioner |
|---|---|---|
| Citations | Footnotes | Inline |
| Case names | Italicized | Not italicized |
| Book titles | SMALL CAPS | Not small caps |
| Article titles | Italicized | Not italicized |
| Signals | Required per Rule 1.2 | Often omitted |
Full citation:
Author First Last, *Article Title*, Vol. J. Abbr. First Page, Pincite (Year).
Examples:
John Smith, *The Prosecutor's Discretion*, 100 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 15 (2020).
Jane Doe & John Roe, *Joint Authorship*, 50 Yale L.J. 100 (2021).
Short form:
Smith, supra note 5, at 20.
Full citation:
Author First Last, Title Page (ed. Year).
Examples:
Ronald Dworkin, Law's Empire 45 (1986).
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice 15-20 (rev. ed. 1999).
Short form:
Dworkin, supra note 3, at 50.
Full citation:
Case Name, Vol. Reporter First Page, Pincite (Court Year).
Examples:
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).
People v. Smith, 123 N.E.2d 456, 460 (N.Y. 2020).
Short form:
Brown, 347 U.S. at 490.
Examples:
42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2018).
Cal. Penal Code § 187 (West 2020).
Examples:
U.S. Const. art. I, § 8, cl. 3.
U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1.
Use signals to show relationship between citation and proposition:
| Signal | Meaning |
|---|---|
| [no signal] | Direct support |
| See | Implicit support |
| See also | Additional support |
| Cf. | Analogous support |
| Compare...with | Comparison illuminates |
| See generally | Background |
| E.g. | One of many examples |
| But see | Contradicts |
| Contra | Directly contradicts |
Order of signals: Supportive → Comparative → Contradictory → Background
Use when citing the immediately preceding authority:
¹ Smith, supra note 5, at 20.
² Id. at 25.
³ Id.
Rules:
Use for non-case authorities after full citation:
Smith, supra note 5, at 30.
Rules:
For long titles, establish short form:
¹ Model Penal Code § 2.02 (Am. L. Inst. 1962) [hereinafter MPC].
...
¹⁵ MPC, supra note 1, § 2.03.
Add explanatory information after citation:
Smith v. Jones, 500 U.S. 100, 105 (2000) (holding that...).
Doe, supra note 3, at 50 (arguing that...).
Common parenthetical starters:
Separate with semicolons, order by:
See U.S. Const. amend. IV; 18 U.S.C. § 2511 (2018); Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967); Smith, supra note 5, at 20.
| Journal | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Harvard Law Review | Harv. L. Rev. |
| Yale Law Journal | Yale L.J. |
| Stanford Law Review | Stan. L. Rev. |
| Columbia Law Review | Colum. L. Rev. |
| Michigan Law Review | Mich. L. Rev. |
| Virginia Law Review | Va. L. Rev. |
| California Law Review | Calif. L. Rev. |
| Georgetown Law Journal | Geo. L.J. |
workflows/format-citation.md - Format a single citationworkflows/check-citation-order.md - Verify string citation orderingworkflows/generate-bibliography.md - Create bibliography from footnotesARTICLES: Author, *Title*, Vol. J. Abbr. Page, Pin (Year).
BOOKS: Author, Title Page (ed. Year).
CASES: Name, Vol. Rep. Page, Pin (Ct. Year).
STATUTES: Title U.S.C. § Sec (Year).
SHORT FORMS:
Id. / Id. at Pin (same source, immediately prior)
Author, supra note X (articles, books - not cases)
Name, Vol. Rep. at Pin (cases)
SIGNALS: [none] | See | See also | Cf. | But see | See generally
Academic Bluebook style is the standard for legal scholarship.