| name | booking-guidance |
| description | Step-by-step guidance for booking award flights. Covers the hold-before-transfer rule, phone numbers for major programs, and partner award booking workflows. |
| category | reference |
| summary | The booking flow, hold-before-transfer rule, phone numbers for major programs. |
Booking Guidance
Finding the deal is half the battle. Telling the user how to actually book it is the other half. Every recommendation should include a booking path.
Reference data: data/alliances.json has booking details for major programs in key_booking_relationships.
Program Fee Profiles
Check this before recommending a transfer or locking in a departure city. Fees vary dramatically by program and origin airport and can add $100-700+ per person on top of the miles cost. Two things to keep in mind reading the table: (1) several programs are surcharge-free on their own metal and most partners but pass heavy surcharges on specific partners (notably British Airways metal) — the YQ column calls those out; (2) dollar figures are per direction and scale with cabin — economy surcharges are materially lower than the business-class figures shown for surcharge-heavy metal. Rows marked ⚠️ are high-surcharge programs that often lose to cash.
| Program | YQ Surcharge? | Typical fees/pp | Notes |
|---|
| Aeroplan (Air Canada) | No | $50-100 | No YQ pass-through on Star Alliance partners. Low fees. Best for LH/LX/UA awards. |
| Flying Blue (AF/KLM) | Yes | ~$250-400/way economy, ~$489-600/way business, ex-CDG | AF passes full fuel surcharge; France adds heavy departure tax. Worst from Paris. |
| United MileagePlus | No | $50-100 | No YQ on most partners. |
| Virgin Atlantic | Yes (on VS metal) | Cabin-dependent: ~$150-300/way economy, ~$500-700/way Upper Class; low on Delta metal | Surcharges scale with cabin. Delta metal carries surcharges US↔UK specifically. |
| Turkish Miles & Smiles | No on UA/Turkish metal; YES on Lufthansa Group (LH/LX/OS/SN) | $20-50 (own/UA metal) | Extremely low on own/UA metal. Book by phone (online unreliable). Dec 2025 devaluation. |
| British Airways Avios | Yes | ~$200-400/way economy, ~$400-700/way business, BA long-haul metal | Notorious surcharges on BA metal. Use short-haul, or partner metal (AA/Alaska/Qatar), instead. |
| American AAdvantage | No on own metal + most partners; YES on British Airways & Iberia | $50-75 base; on BA/IB metal ~$200-400/way economy to $400-700+/way business | Surcharge-free on JAL/Cathay/Qatar. Route partner awards away from BA/Iberia metal. |
| Alaska / Atmos Rewards | No on own metal + most partners; YES on British Airways, Icelandair, Hainan | $25-75 base; on BA metal ~$150-400/way economy up to ~$1,000/way premium | Renamed from Mileage Plan (Aug 2025). Surcharge-free on Cathay/JAL/Qantas/Condor/Fiji. |
| Avianca LifeMiles | No | ~$25/ticket | No-YQ Star Alliance program. Predictable total even on ANA/Lufthansa/Swiss metal. |
| Iberia Plus (Avios) | Low (far less than BA) | ~$150-200 RT transatlantic business | The transatlantic Avios sweet spot: MAD-US business ~40.5K-59K Avios/way with modest surcharges. |
| JAL Mileage Bank | No on JAL metal | from ~$20 | Cheap distance-based partner chart. Partner metal (e.g. BA) may add YQ. |
| Qatar Privilege Club (Avios) | No fuel surcharge on Qatar metal | ~$30-100 per-segment fee | Excellent Qsuites value. Per-segment cash fee returned in 2025. |
| Delta SkyMiles | No | No award fees | Dynamic award pricing is the real cost, not fees. |
Key rule: If the trip ends in Paris or London, or routes on Air France / BA / Virgin / Emirates metal, factor $300-700/pp per direction in fees before comparing programs. A 40K Flying Blue award from CDG often costs more in cash fees than a 50K Aeroplan award from FRA. When a program passes surcharges only on specific partners (AA/Alaska on BA metal, Turkish on Lufthansa Group), route around that metal to keep fees low.
General Booking Flow
- Find availability (Seats.aero, airline website, or MCP tool)
- Verify the program you want to book through shows the same availability
- If transferring points: get a HOLD on the award ticket FIRST, then transfer
- Transfer points from credit card to loyalty program
- Call or go online to complete the booking
Critical Rule: Never Transfer Without a Hold
Transfers are instant with most programs but IRREVERSIBLE. If availability disappears between the transfer and the booking, points are stuck in the loyalty program.
The right order:
- Find the award and put it on hold (24-72 hours typically) through the booking program
- THEN transfer points from the credit card
- THEN complete the booking against the held space
Critical caveat: hold rules vary widely and change. Always check the award-holds skill (data file data/award-holds.json) for current per-program rules. As of April 2026: AA holds 24h online (free), Lufthansa M&M 5 days, Flying Blue 3 days ($25 phone fee at ticketing), Cathay Asia Miles 2 days ($39 phone fee), Turkish 2 days, Virgin Atlantic 1-2 days (free, phone), Singapore agent-discretionary. Programs that DO NOT allow holds: United, Alaska, Delta, BA, Aeroplan, ANA, Qatar, Korean. The "hold first, transfer second" pattern works wherever a hold is available.
When holds aren't available, transfer in small batches if you're confident the space will hold (high seat counts, low-popularity dates), or accept the risk. Never transfer your full balance speculatively.
Phone Numbers for Major Programs
Some awards must be booked by phone. Memorize or save these.
| Program | Phone | Online Booking? |
|---|
| Virgin Atlantic (ANA awards) | 1-800-365-9500 | No (ANA must be by phone) |
| United MileagePlus | 1-800-864-8331 | Yes (united.com) |
| Aeroplan | 1-888-247-2262 | Yes (aircanada.com) |
| Turkish Miles&Smiles | 1-800-874-8875 | Yes (turkishairlines.com) |
| Korean Air SKYPASS | 1-800-438-5000 | No (partner awards by phone) |
| Flying Blue | 1-800-237-2747 | Yes (stopovers by phone) |
| AAdvantage | 1-800-882-8880 | Yes (aa.com) |
| Japan Airlines | 1-800-525-3663 | No (find space on ba.com or qantas.com, call JAL to book) |
| Iberia Avios | N/A | Yes (iberia.com) |
| Qatar Privilege Club | N/A | Yes (qatarairways.com) |
| Hyatt | N/A | Yes (hyatt.com or app) |
When Phone Bookings Are Required
A partner award that's "hidden" (not bookable online) often requires a phone agent. Common cases:
- ANA First/Business via Virgin Atlantic: Must call. Agent searches space manually.
- JAL via Alaska or AAdvantage: Find space on ba.com (proxy), then call to book.
- Korean Air partner awards: Skypass partner awards are phone-only.
- Stopovers on most programs: Online tools rarely allow stopovers. Call.
Tips for Phone Bookings
- Have flight numbers, dates, and class ready. Don't ask the agent to "look around."
- HUCA (Hang Up, Call Again) is a real strategy. Some agents are better than others. If one says "no space," try another.
- Confirm the fare before agreeing. Some programs charge surcharges that wreck the cpp math.
- Get a booking reference (PNR). Verify the ticket on the operating airline's site within 24 hours.
Saver Inventory Verification
Many partner programs only see "saver" inventory on the operating carrier. If you find space on the operating airline's site but the partner program shows nothing, check the fare class. Saver classes are X (economy), I (business), O (first) on United. If the carrier only has standard or anytime class open, partners can't book it.
See the cabin-codes skill for the full mapping.
Status Effects on Booking
Elite status with the booking program (or alliance partner) often unlocks longer hold windows, waived close-in booking fees, and priority on phone bookings. If the user has elite status, mention which benefits apply. If they don't and the question of getting status comes up, load the status-match skill — it covers the lifetime restrictions that punish wasted matches and the renewable card-based alternatives.
