Pneumatic circuit design — FRL unit (filter-regulator-lubricator), directional control valves (DCV), flow control valves, ISO 1219-1 symbols, pressure drop calculation (Kv/Cv), air consumption (SCFM/NL/min), compressor sizing, pressure vessel design (ASME…
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Pneumatic cylinder — force/speed, cushioning, air consumption, ISO 15552/6432, cylinder selection, piston rod buckling, seals, FRL sizing, actuator types.
Polymer engineering — viscoelasticity, creep, stress relaxation, time-temperature superposition, injection molding DfM, failure modes, polymer selection, polymer properties table, Arrhenius degradation.
Pool boiling heat transfer — boiling curve (Rohsenow, nucleate to film), critical heat flux (Zuber correlation, CHF), Leidenfrost point, boiling incipience (onset of nucleate boiling, ONB), surface effects (roughness, wettability, nanostructures), subcooled…
Port an HTML calculator from MechEngine to MechCodex Next.js. Follows the bending-stress gold standard template exactly — 6 tabs, KaTeX theory, v3 SVG diagrams, auto-calc, section-aware Compare, 6 Design tools.
Powder metallurgy — powder production (atomization, reduction, electrolysis), green compact pressing (Heckel equation, density-pressure relationship), sintering mechanisms (solid-state, liquid phase), hot isostatic pressing (HIP), metal injection molding…
Power transmission shafting — ASME Shaft Design Equation (DE-Goodman/Gerber/ASME-Elliptic criteria), combined bending and torsion, stress concentration factors (Kt, Kf), shaft diameter calculation, keyway design (ANSI B17.1, torque capacity), press fits and…
Press and shrink fit analysis — interface pressure, hub/shaft stresses, torque capacity, insertion force, thermal assembly, thick-wall cylinder theory, fit selection.
Mechanical press selection — press tonnage calculation (blanking, piercing, bending, drawing), press types (mechanical, hydraulic, servo), flywheel energy and motor sizing, bed size and shut height, stroke and speed, die set compatibility, tonnage at position…
Pressure reducing valve (PRV) design and selection — direct-acting vs. pilot-operated, Cv/Kv sizing (IEC 60534, ISA S75), pressure drop and flow, choked flow (critical pressure ratio), noise and cavitation (ISA RP75.23), valve authority, setpoint accuracy,…
Pressure regulator design and selection — spring-loaded diaphragm regulators (gas/liquid), back-pressure regulators, differential pressure regulators, lock-up pressure, supply pressure effect, flowing vs. lock-up accuracy, regulator droop, boost regulators,…
Pressure relief device field troubleshooting — PRV simmer and chatter (seat leakage, inlet pressure drop, 3% rule API 520), PRV stuck open (seat damage, wire drawing, backpressure effects), PRV stuck closed (corrosion, polymerization, freezing), set pressure…
Pressure vessel head design — hemispherical, ellipsoidal (2:1), torispherical (ASME, Kori-Svanfelt), flat plate head, conical transition, knuckle radius requirements, ASME VIII Div. 1 UG-32/UG-33 formulas, required thickness calculation, unstayed flat head…
Pressure vessel nozzle design — area replacement method (ASME VIII UG-37), nozzle reinforcement, opening limits, local loads (WRC-107/WRC-297), hillside nozzles, trunnion loads.
Pressure vessel analysis — thin/thick wall cylinders and spheres, ASME BPVC Section VIII, hoop/longitudinal/radial stress, head design, nozzle reinforcement, fatigue, hydrostatic test, safety factors.
Propeller design — blade element momentum theory (BEM), thrust/torque coefficients, Betz limit, propulsive efficiency, cavitation, ship propeller open-water diagrams (K_T/K_Q), pitch ratio, NACA series.
HVAC psychrometrics — dry/wet bulb, dew point, humidity ratio, relative humidity, enthalpy, psychrometric chart, heating/cooling/dehumidification processes, cooling load.
Pump curve analysis — H-Q, P-Q, η-Q curves, system curve, operating point, parallel/series pumps, NPSH, affinity laws, specific speed, variable speed drive, pump selection.
Pump selection and sizing — centrifugal, positive displacement, pump curve, system curve, operating point, NPSH, cavitation, affinity laws, specific speed, parallel/series operation.
Pumped storage hydroelectric design — round-trip efficiency (η_pump × η_turbine × η_motor-gen), Francis/Pelton/Kaplan turbine selection, reversible pump-turbine, penstock design (water hammer, Joukowsky pressure), cavitation (Thoma sigma criterion, NPSH),…
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating — sputtering (DC magnetron, RF, HiPIMS), evaporation (e-beam, arc), coating types (TiN, TiAlN, CrN, DLC, AlTiN), deposition parameters (substrate temperature, bias voltage, target power, Ar/N₂ partial pressure), coating…
Quality engineering — SPC, control charts (X-bar/R/S/IMR), process capability (Cp/Cpk/Ppk), Six Sigma DMAIC, MSA Gauge R&R, DOE, APQP, control plan, PFMEA.
Quenching and hardening — TTT/CCT diagrams, hardenability (Jominy end-quench, Grossmann DI), quench media (water, oil, polymer, air, salt bath), heat transfer coefficient h_q [W/m²·K], Grossmann H-factor, Leidenfrost effect in quenching, quench distortion and…
Rack and pinion gear design — geometry (module, pitch, pressure angle, addendum, dedendum), tooth force (tangential, radial, normal), Lewis bending strength, AGMA pitting resistance (contact stress), rack design (finite vs. infinite length), linear velocity…
Radiation shielding design — gamma ray attenuation (buildup factor, half-value layer, tenth-value layer), neutron shielding (fast neutron moderation, thermal neutron capture), dose rate calculation (inverse square law, NCRP 151), shield materials (lead,…
Thermal radiation heat transfer — Stefan-Boltzmann law, emissivity, view factors, radiation networks, blackbody/gray body, combined radiation+convection, radiation shields, solar radiation.
Radiographic testing (RT) — Beer-Lambert attenuation (I=I₀exp(−μx)), X-ray and gamma ray sources (Ir-192, Se-75, Co-60, X-ray kV), image quality indicators (IQI/penetrameter), geometric unsharpness U_g = F×d/D, film vs. digital (CR/DR), source-to-film…
Random vibration analysis — PSD, RMS response, Miles equation, SDOF response, fatigue from PSD, three-sigma rule, Grms, ASD spectra, MIL-STD-810 vibration.
Advanced Rankine cycle — reheat, regeneration, feedwater heaters (open/closed), supercritical steam, cycle efficiency analysis, T-s diagram, turbine stage design.
Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) — failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), Weibull analysis (β/η parameters, B10 life), failure consequence categorization (safety/operational/economic), maintenance task selection (condition monitoring, scheduled…
Reboiler design — types (kettle, thermosiphon vertical/horizontal, forced circulation, once-through), heat duty calculation, boiling heat transfer (Mostinski, Chen/Palen correlation), nucleate boiling vs. convective boiling, critical heat flux (CHF) in…
Reciprocating compressor design — thermodynamic cycle (isentropic, polytropic), volumetric efficiency, valve dynamics (spring-mass, flow coefficient), rod load calculation (tension/compression), piston rod packing, API 618 design criteria, pulsation analysis…
Rectangular plate stress analysis — Kirchhoff thin plate bending (Navier and Lévy solutions), deflection w and moments Mx/My/Mxy under uniform and concentrated loads, Poisson's ratio effect, boundary conditions (simply supported, clamped, free edge), plate…
Reentry thermal protection systems (TPS) — aerodynamic heating (Fay-Riddell stagnation point, Chapman approximation), ablative TPS (PICA, AVCOAT, SLA-561V), ceramic tiles (HRSI, FRCI), carbon-carbon leading edges, sizing methodology (char depth, backface…
Refrigeration cycles — vapor compression, COP, refrigerants (R-134a, R-410A, CO₂), subcooling/superheating, multistage, absorption cycle, heat pump.
Regenerator heat exchanger design — rotary (Ljungström) and fixed-bed (Cowper stove) regenerators, NTU-effectiveness with capacity ratio (Cr* = C_min/C_max), reduced length Λ and reduced period Π, matrix material selection (ceramic, metal, alumina), porosity,…
Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) — FORM/SORM reliability index β, FOSM, probability of failure P_f, Monte Carlo simulation, design point, sensitivity factors, ASCE 7 load combinations.
Reliability engineering — MTBF, Weibull analysis, fault tree analysis (FTA), reliability block diagrams (RBD), FMECA, spare parts planning, RAM analysis, reliability growth (Duane).
Pressure relief valve sizing — API 520/521, required relief area (vapor/liquid/two-phase), overpressure scenarios, set pressure, back-pressure correction (K_b), balanced bellows, PRV vs. rupture disk.
Residual stress measurement — X-ray diffraction (sin²ψ method, Bragg's law), neutron diffraction (bulk measurement, d-spacing), hole drilling (ASTM E837, stress relaxation coefficients a/b), blind hole vs. through hole, incremental blind hole, contour method,…